Unit 1

Question 1

biology

Answer 1

study of life, studied using the scientific method

Question 2

characteristics of life

Answer 2

organization and cells
response to stimuli
homeostasis
metabolism
growth and development
reproduction and heredity

Question 3

transmission electron microscope

Answer 3

to see the interior of a (dead) specimen

Question 4

scanning electron microscope

Answer 4

to see exterior surface of specimen

Question 5

matter

Answer 5

anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume)

Question 6

mass

Answer 6

amount of matter an object has

Question 7

atoms

Answer 7

smallest unit of matter, has protons, neutrons, electrons

if only one type of atom is present –> pure element

Question 8

compound

Answer 8

more than one element bonded together

Question 9

covalent bond

Answer 9

two atoms held together by sharing of electrons, strong bond, stores energy, can be single or double

Question 10

ionic bond

Answer 10

two atoms held together by transfer of electrons, weak bond

Question 11

hydrogen bond

Answer 11

hydrogen atom in one molecule bonds to electronegative atom (usually oxygen) in other molecule

Question 12

reactants

Answer 12

element/ compound that participates in chemical reaction

Question 13

products

Answer 13

element/ compound that is produced by a chemical reaction

Question 14

activation energy

Answer 14

energy to start chemical reaction

Question 15

enzyme

Answer 15

protein based biological catalysts that lower activation energy, work best in specific conditions

Question 16

energy

Answer 16

ability to do work or cause change

Question 17

characteristics of water

Answer 17

polar
adhesion
cohesion
capillarity 
high surface tension
solid less dense than liquid
high specific heat

Question 18

polar

Answer 18

can dissolve other things in it, makes water an effective solvent

Question 19

adhesion

Answer 19

water molecules stick to other non-water molecules

Question 20

cohesion

Answer 20

water molecules stick to other water molecules

Question 21

capillarity

Answer 21

ability to spread through small pores or move up narrow tube against gravity

Question 22

specific heat

Answer 22

ability that a substance can take in energy without raising it’s heat

Question 23

concentration

Answer 23

measure of quantity of solute per volume solution

Question 24

organic substance

Answer 24

derived from living things, carbon covalently bonded to other carbon

Question 25

inorganic substance

Answer 25

not derived from living things, lacks multiple carbon atoms

Question 26

monomer

Answer 26

simple building block

Question 27

polymer

Answer 27

more than 2 monomers combined

Question 28

dimer

Answer 28

2 monomers combined via dehydration synthesis

Question 29

dehydration synthesis

Answer 29

remove water from molecules, catabolic reaction

Question 30

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 30

add water to molecules, anabolic reaction

Question 31

anabolic reaction

Answer 31

building up

Question 32

catabolic reaction

Answer 32

breaking apart

Question 33

carbohydrate

Answer 33

provide short and intermediate term energy, more complex structure-->longer term energy

Question 34

glycogen

Answer 34

found in muscles and liver of humans

Question 35

starch

Answer 35

plant storage for excess glucose, found in roots

Question 36

cellulose

Answer 36

structural, gives strength and rigidity to plant cell wall

Question 37

protein

Answer 37

body breaks down proteins in the way you need them for, what structural part of body is made up of ex. skin functional- make up enzymes, hormones

Question 38

substrate

Answer 38

reactant in enzyme reaction, molecule that is altered by an enzyme's catalytic activity

Question 39

active site

Answer 39

area on surface of enzyme where molecules are converted into a reaction's products (substrates bind and undergo chemical reaction)

Question 40

lipid

Answer 40

storage in the form of fat, resists water | forms good barriers and provide long-term energy

Question 41

saturated

Answer 41

turn solid at room temperature

Question 42

unsaturated

Answer 42

turn liquid at room temperature

Question 43

types of fatty acid chains

Answer 43

saturated, unsaturated

Question 44

nucleic acids

Answer 44

provide basis for heredity

Question 45

endothermic

Answer 45

reaction where heat energy goes into, area around gets cold

Question 46

exothermic

Answer 46

reaction where heat energy goes out of, area around gets hot

Question 47

metabolism

Answer 47

sum of chemical reactions that take place in each cell

Question 48

trans fats

Answer 48

engineered fats, to stay in solid form, hard for body to break down

Question 49

ATP

Answer 49

energy currency utilized by all types of cells

Question 50

catalyst

Answer 50

substance that lowers energy needed to trigger chemical reaction, increases rate of reaction

Question 51

solute

Answer 51

substance that dissolves in solvent, forming a solution

Question 52

solvent

Answer 52

liquid in which other substances dissolve

Question 53

pH

Answer 53

measure of acidity in solution

Question 54

autotrophs

Answer 54

organism that can produce its own food

Question 55

heterotrophs

Answer 55

organism that feeds on other organisms on their biological products

Question 56

ADP

Answer 56

compound of adenosine molecule bonded to 3 phosphate groups, provides energy for physiological processes

Question 57

organization and cells

Answer 57

all living things made of cells

Question 58

response to stimuli

Answer 58

all living things will respond in some way based on environment

Question 59

homeostasis

Answer 59

all living things maintain stable internal state by adjustments to physiological process

Question 60

growth and development

Answer 60

all living things will grow and develop throughout life

Question 61

reproduction and heredity

Answer 61

all living things reproduce