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Science 9 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

biology

A

study of life, studied using the scientific method

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2
Q

characteristics of life

A 
organization and cells
response to stimuli
homeostasis
metabolism
growth and development
reproduction and heredity
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3
Q

transmission electron microscope

A

to see the interior of a (dead) specimen

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4
Q

scanning electron microscope

A

to see exterior surface of specimen

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5
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume)

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6
Q

mass

A

amount of matter an object has

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7
Q

atoms

A

smallest unit of matter, has protons, neutrons, electrons

if only one type of atom is present –> pure element

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8
Q

compound

A

more than one element bonded together

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9
Q

covalent bond

A

two atoms held together by sharing of electrons, strong bond, stores energy, can be single or double

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10
Q

ionic bond

A

two atoms held together by transfer of electrons, weak bond

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11
Q

hydrogen bond

A

hydrogen atom in one molecule bonds to electronegative atom (usually oxygen) in other molecule

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12
Q

reactants

A

element/ compound that participates in chemical reaction

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13
Q

products

A

element/ compound that is produced by a chemical reaction

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14
Q

activation energy

A

energy to start chemical reaction

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15
Q

enzyme

A

protein based biological catalysts that lower activation energy, work best in specific conditions

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16
Q

energy

A

ability to do work or cause change

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17
Q

characteristics of water

A 
polar
adhesion
cohesion
capillarity 
high surface tension
solid less dense than liquid
high specific heat
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18
Q

polar

A

can dissolve other things in it, makes water an effective solvent

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19
Q

adhesion

A

water molecules stick to other non-water molecules

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20
Q

cohesion

A

water molecules stick to other water molecules

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21
Q

capillarity

A

ability to spread through small pores or move up narrow tube against gravity

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22
Q

specific heat

A

ability that a substance can take in energy without raising it’s heat

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23
Q

concentration

A

measure of quantity of solute per volume solution

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24
Q

organic substance

A

derived from living things, carbon covalently bonded to other carbon

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25
Q

inorganic substance

A

not derived from living things, lacks multiple carbon atoms

26
Q

monomer

A

simple building block

27
Q

polymer

A

more than 2 monomers combined

28
Q

dimer

A

2 monomers combined via dehydration synthesis

29
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

remove water from molecules, catabolic reaction

30
Q

hydrolysis reaction

A

add water to molecules, anabolic reaction

31
Q

anabolic reaction

A

building up

32
Q

catabolic reaction

A

breaking apart

33
Q

carbohydrate

A

provide short and intermediate term energy, more complex structure–>longer term energy

34
Q

glycogen

A

found in muscles and liver of humans

35
Q

starch

A

plant storage for excess glucose, found in roots

36
Q

cellulose

A

structural, gives strength and rigidity to plant cell wall

37
Q

protein

A

body breaks down proteins in the way you need them for, what structural part of body is made up of ex. skin
functional- make up enzymes, hormones

38
Q

substrate

A

reactant in enzyme reaction, molecule that is altered by an enzyme’s catalytic activity

39
Q

active site

A

area on surface of enzyme where molecules are converted into a reaction’s products (substrates bind and undergo chemical reaction)

40
Q

lipid

A

storage in the form of fat, resists water

forms good barriers and provide long-term energy

41
Q

saturated

A

turn solid at room temperature

42
Q

unsaturated

A

turn liquid at room temperature

43
Q

types of fatty acid chains

A

saturated, unsaturated

44
Q

nucleic acids

A

provide basis for heredity

45
Q

endothermic

A

reaction where heat energy goes into, area around gets cold

46
Q

exothermic

A

reaction where heat energy goes out of, area around gets hot

47
Q

metabolism

A

sum of chemical reactions that take place in each cell

48
Q

trans fats

A

engineered fats, to stay in solid form, hard for body to break down

49
Q

ATP

A

energy currency utilized by all types of cells

50
Q

catalyst

A

substance that lowers energy needed to trigger chemical reaction, increases rate of reaction

51
Q

solute

A

substance that dissolves in solvent, forming a solution

52
Q

solvent

A

liquid in which other substances dissolve

53
Q

pH

A

measure of acidity in solution

54
Q

autotrophs

A

organism that can produce its own food

55
Q

heterotrophs

A

organism that feeds on other organisms on their biological products

56
Q

ADP

A

compound of adenosine molecule bonded to 3 phosphate groups, provides energy for physiological processes

57
Q

organization and cells

A

all living things made of cells

58
Q

response to stimuli

A

all living things will respond in some way based on environment

59
Q

homeostasis

A

all living things maintain stable internal state by adjustments to physiological process

60
Q

growth and development

A

all living things will grow and develop throughout life

61
Q

reproduction and heredity

A

all living things reproduce

Science 9 (7 decks)

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