Unit 6 Flashcards
law of effect
thorndikes principle that behaviors by favorable consequences became more likely. the exact opposite is true for unfavorable consequences
shaping
gradually guiding animals action towards desire
discrimination stimulus
a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement
primary reinforcer
a stimulus you react to that is a biological nerd ex: eating when hungry
latent learning
learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it ex: drive to mall for newest shoes
cognitive map
a mental representation of the layout of one’s environment. ex: after exploring a maze rats act as if they don’t know it until there is a reward of cheese at the end
internal locus of control
I determine my life
external locus of control
outside forces control my life
mirror nuerons
frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so
operant conditioning needs
shaping
acquisition
links a nuetral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so the neutral one triggers a respnonse
generalization
when the stimulus is similar so it elicits the same response
high order conditioning
NS -> CS (a procedure to do that)
response behavior
automatic response to stimulus
operant behaviors
behavior that operates on environment makes consequences
ecologically relevant
something similar to stimuli associated w/ sexual stuff
intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior well for its own sake (excessive rewards can destroy)
extrinsic motivation
desire to perform behavior well for reward OR to avoid punishment
problem focus coping
attempts to alleviate stress directly (by changing the stressor or the way we interact with it)
emotion focused coping
attempts to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to stress
modeling
observe and replicate behaviors
prosocial behavior
positive/ helpful behavior
thorndike=
law of effect
superstitions may be caused by
the accidental timing of reward
social learning =
observational learning
cognitive mapping leads to
good memory
responding behavior=
natural response
pavlov and john watson =
behavioralism
lil albert =
lil john (b watson)
john garcia =
john “gross”-cia taste aversion
tolman=
ratty maze
wolfgang more like
chimp gang
habituation
make a habit to not respond to repeated stimuli
mere exposure effect
a learned preference for stimuli to which we have been previously exposed to
learning
the process of acquiring new and relative enduring information and behaviors
classical conditioning:
the type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli to anticipate events
stimulus
anything that gives a response
neutral stimulus
any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning (bells for pavlov dog)
taste aversion
biological tendencies to avoid foods that make us sick at one point
biological preparedness
idea that people and animals are inherently inclined to form associations between certain stimuli and responses
operant:
involving the modification of behaviors by reinforcing or inhibiting effect of its own consequences
skinner box aka the
operant conditioning chamber
operant conditioning:
the form of learning in which a behavior is strengthened by a reinforcer or diminished by a followed punishment
secondary (conditioned) reinforcer
stimulus that gains its power through association with a primary reinforcer (rat in skinners box is hungry must turn light on for food. the light is now a secondary reinforcer OR $ to buy food and shelter)
over justification effect
phenomenon where being rewarded diminishes the motivation to perform behavior (participation awards)
learned helplessness
uncontrollable bad events leads to perceived lack of control leads to generalized helpless behavior leads to depression
insight:
a sudden realization of a problems solution
