Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
instinct
a complex unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species (mother to baby)
drive reduction
idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension or drive that motivates and organism to satisfy their needs (need -> drive -> drive reduction)
homeostasis
tendency to maintains a balanced internal state (blood glucose)
incentive
a positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior
arousal
human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal not to eliminate it
heroes dodson law
the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point and then it decreases
maslows triangle
certain needs have different priorities. lower levels must be filled in order to move up to the next space
self actualization
need to live up to our fullest and unique potential
glucose
form of sugar that circulates in blood and provides the major source of energy when levels are low we feel hungry
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
2 parts of hypothalamus
ventramedial and lateral
what does the ventramedial do
depress hunger
what does the lateral do
increase hunger
leptin
hormone that alerts the hypothalamus that you’re full and can stop eating. low levels can cause over eating
ghrelin
hunger alerting hormone secreted by an empty stomach
7 universal human emotions
happy, sad, surprise, scared, upset, angry, and tired
james lange theory
step by step.
sight of car, pounding of heart, fear
cannon bard
simultaneously.
sight of car, pound of heart AND fear
two factor theory
schachter singular.
sight of car, pound of heart AND cognitive label, fear
hans selyes general adaption syndrome
3 phases of stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
traumatic experience
any unexpected event that almost all people would find stressfuk
daily stressor
everyday irritations and frustrations
conflict
a situation in which a person must choose between 2 or more desires or demands
approach, approach
(+,+)
hang out with friends OR go shopping with mom
avoidance, avoidance
(-,-)
Ex: mowing the lawn OR clean your room
approach, avoidance
(+,-)
want to stay home from school BUT then you can’t go to rehearsal
psychophysiological illness
literally mind body illness. any stress related physical illness such as hypertension or head aches
type a
competitive, hard driving, impatient, aggressive prone people
type b
easy going and relaxed people
problem focused coping
behaviors that aim to control or alter the environment that is causing stress. (most helpful when we can make changes)
emotion focused coping
behaviors aimed at controlling internal emotional reactions to a perceived stressor
cognitive reappraisal
alternate the way we interpret or think about a stressful thing
defense mechanism
unconscious emotional strategies that reduce anxiety and maintain self image
washburn study
tsang removed rats stomach connected esophagus and small intestines and rat was still hungry. not always the stomach that tells of hunger
orexin’s tissue
hypothalamus
orexin’s response
increase hunger
ghrelin tissue
stomach
ghrelin response
increase hunger
insulin tissue
pancreas
insulin response
increase hunger
leptin tissue
fat cells
leptin response
decrease hunger
PPY tissue
digestive tract
PPY Response
decrease hunger
intrinsic motivation
motivation to do behavior just for the satisfaction of actually doing it
ex: eating ice cream
extrinsic motivation
motivation to complete a task for a reward after
ex: get a good grade on test, get $ afterwards from parents
