Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

instinct

Answer 2

a complex unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species (mother to baby)

Question 3

drive reduction

Answer 3

idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension or drive that motivates and organism to satisfy their needs (need -> drive -> drive reduction)

Question 4

homeostasis

Answer 4

tendency to maintains a balanced internal state (blood glucose)

Question 5

incentive

Answer 5

a positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 6

arousal

Answer 6

human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal not to eliminate it

Question 7

heroes dodson law

Answer 7

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point and then it decreases

Question 8

maslows triangle

Answer 8

certain needs have different priorities. lower levels must be filled in order to move up to the next space

Question 9

self actualization

Answer 9

need to live up to our fullest and unique potential

Question 10

glucose

Answer 10

form of sugar that circulates in blood and provides the major source of energy when levels are low we feel hungry

Question 11

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 11

body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Question 12

2 parts of hypothalamus

Answer 12

ventramedial and lateral

Question 13

what does the ventramedial do

Answer 13

depress hunger

Question 14

what does the lateral do

Answer 14

increase hunger

Question 15

leptin

Answer 15

hormone that alerts the hypothalamus that you’re full and can stop eating. low levels can cause over eating

Question 16

ghrelin

Answer 16

hunger alerting hormone secreted by an empty stomach

Question 17

7 universal human emotions

Answer 17

happy, sad, surprise, scared, upset, angry, and tired

Question 18

james lange theory

Answer 18

step by step.

sight of car, pounding of heart, fear

Question 19

cannon bard

Answer 19

simultaneously.

sight of car, pound of heart AND fear

Question 20

two factor theory

Answer 20

schachter singular.

sight of car, pound of heart AND cognitive label, fear

Question 21

hans selyes general adaption syndrome

Answer 21

3 phases of stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 22

traumatic experience

Answer 22

any unexpected event that almost all people would find stressfuk

Question 23

daily stressor

Answer 23

everyday irritations and frustrations

Question 24

conflict

Answer 24

a situation in which a person must choose between 2 or more desires or demands

Question 25

approach, approach

Answer 25

(+,+) hang out with friends OR go shopping with mom

Question 26

avoidance, avoidance

Answer 26

(-,-) Ex: mowing the lawn OR clean your room

Question 27

approach, avoidance

Answer 27

(+,-) want to stay home from school BUT then you can’t go to rehearsal

Question 28

psychophysiological illness

Answer 28

literally mind body illness. any stress related physical illness such as hypertension or head aches

Question 29

type a

Answer 29

competitive, hard driving, impatient, aggressive prone people

Question 30

type b

Answer 30

easy going and relaxed people

Question 31

problem focused coping

Answer 31

behaviors that aim to control or alter the environment that is causing stress. (most helpful when we can make changes)

Question 32

emotion focused coping

Answer 32

behaviors aimed at controlling internal emotional reactions to a perceived stressor

Question 33

cognitive reappraisal

Answer 33

alternate the way we interpret or think about a stressful thing

Question 34

defense mechanism

Answer 34

unconscious emotional strategies that reduce anxiety and maintain self image

Question 35

washburn study

Answer 35

tsang removed rats stomach connected esophagus and small intestines and rat was still hungry. not always the stomach that tells of hunger

Question 36

orexin’s tissue

Answer 36

hypothalamus

Question 37

orexin’s response

Answer 37

increase hunger

Question 38

ghrelin tissue

Answer 38

stomach

Question 39

ghrelin response

Answer 39

increase hunger

Question 40

insulin tissue

Answer 40

pancreas

Question 41

insulin response

Answer 41

increase hunger

Question 42

leptin tissue

Answer 42

fat cells

Question 43

leptin response

Answer 43

decrease hunger

Question 44

PPY tissue

Answer 44

digestive tract

Question 45

PPY Response

Answer 45

decrease hunger

Question 46

intrinsic motivation

Answer 46

motivation to do behavior just for the satisfaction of actually doing it ex: eating ice cream

Question 47

extrinsic motivation

Answer 47

motivation to complete a task for a reward after ex: get a good grade on test, get $ afterwards from parents