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cognitive psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

cognition

A

the mental activities associated with the thinking, knowing, remembering, analyzing, and communication

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2
Q

memory

A

persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. taking in any sensory information

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3
Q

capacity of sensory memory

A

large

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4
Q

duration of sensory memory

A

1/2 to 2 seconds

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5
Q

self refrencing

A

we remember things when they apply to us

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6
Q

rehearsal

A

learn for a show

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7
Q

automatic processing

A

we process an enormous amount amount of info effortlessly such as a space time or frequency

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8
Q

spacing effect

A

don’t cram your studies

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9
Q

iconic

A

momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic lasting memory

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10
Q

echoic sensory memory

A

momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli sounds and words can be recalled within 3-4 seconds

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11
Q

capacity of short term memory

A

7 (+/-) items

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12
Q

chunking memory

A

organizing into familiar management units

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13
Q

the duration of STM is

A

20 seconds

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14
Q

long term memory capacity

A

long lasting

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15
Q

memory process

A

1) encoding- processing info into memory system
2) storage- retention of encoded material over time
3) retrieval- process of getting the info out of memory storage

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16
Q

explicit memories

A

broken into groups CONSCIOUS

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17
Q

episodic

A

meaningful memories

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18
Q

semantic

A

factual and general knowledge

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19
Q

implicit memories

A

UNCONCSIOUS

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20
Q

procedural

A

doing activities w/o consciously thinking about them (ex: ride a bike)

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21
Q

recall

A

you must retrieve info from your memory
(ex: fill in the blank)

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22
Q

recognition

A

you must identify the target from possible targets

(ex: multiple choice)

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23
Q

serial position effect

A

remembering first and last but not middle

24
Q

primary memory

A

remember 1st on list

25
Q

recency memory

A

remember last on list

26
Q

flash bulb memory

A

very clear memory of an emotionally significant movement or event

27
Q

state dependent memor

A

internal state= the same

28
Q

context effects

A

same place, do better

29
Q

mood congruence

A

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good/ bad mood

30
Q

shallow processing

A

memory with out putting meaning to it

31
Q

deep processing

A

memorizing while putting meaning to it

32
Q

results of ebbinghaus experiment

A

had ppl memorize a list of words by day 2 they still had it but with time their memories of it declined

33
Q

forgetting

A

inability to retrieve info due to poor encoding, storage, or retrieval

34
Q

memory construction

A

memories of things that happened before the age of 3 are unreliable. and memories retrieved with hypnosis or drugs aren’t reliable and can’t be useful in court

35
Q

interference theory is broken into 2 groups:

A

proactive interference and retroactive interference

36
Q

proactive interference

A

old info blocks new info

37
Q

retroactive interference

A

new info blocs out old info

38
Q

motivated forgetting as a whole

A

try to forget unwanted memories either consciously or unconsciously

39
Q

suppression

A

motivated forgetting that occurs when a person consciously tries to forget something

40
Q

repression

A

defense mechanism that banishes anxiety inducing thoughts, feelings, or memories (this is usually done unconsciously)

41
Q

misinformation effect

A

incorporation misleading info into one’s memory of an event

42
Q

source amnesia

A

attributing an event to the wrong source that we experienced, heard, read, or imagined (misattributed- wrong experience)

43
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

cannot remember past

44
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

cannot make new memories but can remember all past

45
Q

concept

A

mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people (ex: mango apple strawberry: fruit)

46
Q

prototype

A

mental image or best example of category

47
Q

algorithm

A

problem solving procedures or formulas that guaranteed a correct outcome if correctly applied

48
Q

heuristic

A

cognitive strategies used to make shortcuts to solve problems doesn’t garuntee solution

49
Q

insight

A

sudden realization of a problems solution

50
Q

confirmation bias

A

ignoring or finding fault with info that doesn’t fit your own ideas

51
Q

mental set

A

tendency to respond to a new problem in the same manner used as a previous problem

52
Q

functional fixedness

A

inability to perceive a new use for an object associated with a different purpose (ex: video w/ uses of a sock)

53
Q

overconfidence

A

tendency to be more confident in a thing you did than the actual quality of it

54
Q

framing

A

the way an issue is posed or how an issue is framed can change how one decides or judges it

55
Q

belief perseverance

A

clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they are formed has been discredited

56
Q

representative bias

A

faulty heuristic strategy based on presumption that once a person or event is categorized it shares all features of other memories in its category (birds: all birds can fly)

57
Q

availability bias

A

faulty heuristic strategy that estimates probably based on info that can be recalled from personal experience

Psych (12 decks)

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