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Psych > Unit 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Unit 1 & 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

first female APA president

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2
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Theory of Evolution

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3
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Reformed treatment of mentally ill

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4
Q

G Stanley Hall

A

Founded the APA

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5
Q

william james

A

functionalism

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6
Q

ivan pavlov

A

classical conditioning

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7
Q

jean piaget

A

cognitive development

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8
Q

carl rogers

A

humanistic psychology

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9
Q

BF Skinner

A

operant conditioning

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10
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

first female to be granted psychology PhD

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11
Q

John B Watson

A

behaviorism

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12
Q

wilhelm wundt

A

father of psychology

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13
Q

sigmund freud

A

psychoanalysis

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14
Q

Psychoanalytical

A

how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

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15
Q

humanistic

A

how we meet our needs for love and acceptance and we achieve self fulfillment

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16
Q

evolutionary

A

how natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes

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17
Q

biological

A

how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, sensory experiences; how genes combine. what’s happening in brain to cause problems.

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18
Q

cognitive

A

how we encode, process, store, and retrieve info thinking

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19
Q

behavioral

A

how we learn observable responses “if you want to change, YOU need to change”

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20
Q

sociocultural

A

how behaviors and thinking vary across situations and cultures

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21
Q

clinical

A

asses and treat mental, emotional, and behavior disorders. administrate and interpret tests, provide counseling and therapy, and sometimes conduct basic research.

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22
Q

educational

A

studying influences on teaching and learnjng

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23
Q

industrial/ organizations

A

use psychology’s concepts and methods in the work place to help organizations and companies select and train employees, boost moral and productivity, design products, and implement systems

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24
Q

counseling

A

help people to cope with challenges and crises and to help improve their personal and social functioning

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25
Q

developmental

A

study our changing abilities from womb to tomb

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26
Q

personality psychologists

A

investigate our persistent traits

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27
Q

social psychologists

A

exploring how we view and affect one another

28
Q

psychiatrists

A

licensed medical professionals who can prescribe drugs and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disorders

29
Q

positive psychology

A

the scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

30
Q

community psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

31
Q

experimental psychologists

A

diverse groups of scientists who investigate a variety of basic behavioral processes in humans and other animals.

32
Q

Psychometric and quantitative psychologists

A

study the methods and techniques used to acquire psychological knowledge.

33
Q

forensic psychologists

A

apply psychological principles to legal issues

34
Q

neuropsychologist

A

investigate the relationship between neurological processes (structure and function of the nervous system) and behavior.

35
Q

rehabilitation psychologist

A

are researchers and practitioners who work with people who have lost optimal functioning after an accident, illness, or other event.

36
Q

school psychologist

A

are involved in the assessment of and intervention for children in educational settings.

37
Q

sport psychologists

A

study the psychological factors that influence, and are influenced by, participation in sports and other physical activities

38
Q

empiricism

A

the view that knowledge originates from experience and that science should rely on experimentation and observation

39
Q

introspection

A

self reflection ~ through the senses you tell about it

40
Q

what are the two academic disciplines that shaped the development of psychological thought?

A

philosophy and physiology

41
Q

who wrote the 1st psych book?

A

william james

42
Q

hindsight bias

A

the tendency to believe, after learning and outcome, that one would have foreseen it.

43
Q

operational definition

A

a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study

44
Q

what are the descriptive methods?

A

case study, naturalistic observation, and survey

45
Q

what does descriptive method mean?

A

observe behavior in order to describe relationships among behaviors and events

46
Q

case study is a..

A

technique which detailed consideration is given to a person, group, or situation over a period of time.

47
Q

case study example

A

football head injury

48
Q

naturalist observation definition

A

you record behaviors as they occur in their natural settings.

49
Q

natural observations example

A

30 year old man who lived with frat boys to know how they lived and they all acted like angels cuz he was there

50
Q

survey definition

A

self reported attitudes or behaviors of a group or person. usually by questioning a representative of random sample of a group.

51
Q

negative correlation

A

the inverse

52
Q

correlation study

A

a type of research design that looks at the relationships between two or more variables

53
Q

correlational coefficient

A

a statistical index of the relationship between two variables

54
Q

positive correlation

A

a relationship between two variables that move in tandem (aka the same direction)

55
Q

illusory correlation

A

the perception of a relationship where none exists. “when we believe there is a relationship between two things, we are more likely to notice and recall instances that confirm our beliefs”

56
Q

double-blind procedure

A

an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies

57
Q

random assignment

A

assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups.

58
Q

control group

A

doesn’t receive treatment

59
Q

experimental group

A

receive treatment

60
Q

descriptive statistics

A

numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups

61
Q

histogram

A

a bar graph

62
Q

standard deviation

A

a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

63
Q

range

A

the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

64
Q

normal curve

A

a bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of data. Most scores fall near the mean

65
Q

inferential statistics

A

numerical data that allow you to generalize- or infer- from sample data the probability of something being true of a population

66
Q

statistical significance

A

when sample averages are reliable and when the difference between them is relatively large

67
Q

informed consent

A

an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

Psych (12 decks)

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