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PS101 > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

counsciousness

A

awareness of self and surroundings

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2
Q

altered state

A

consciousness is affected, there is some awareness AKA not unconsciousness

i.e. dreaming, psychoactive drugs

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3
Q

states of consciousness

A

level of awareness of state and surroundings

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4
Q

contents of consciousness

A

thoughts about state and surroundings

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5
Q

conscious awareness

A

being consciously aware of what’s reached our attention

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6
Q

inattentional blindness

A

unable to perceive what we are not focusing on

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7
Q

intralaminar nuclei and midline nuclei

A

part of the thalamus, which influences attention

bilateral damage = coma
unilateral damage = loss of 1/2 the body’s awareness

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8
Q

rouge test

A

putting a spot on the forehead to see if an organism identifies itself

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9
Q

preconscious

A

information that isn’t always available, but is called upon when needed

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10
Q

unconscious

A

often harmful information that is not easily/ever accessible

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11
Q

automatic behaviours

A

repetitive behaviours in the preconscious i.e. brushing hair, driving

can become more aware if in a hurry/with intent

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12
Q

explicit memory

A

knowledge we are aware of

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13
Q

implicit memory

A

stored knowledge we can’t always rely on, “common knowledge” not reflected in decision making i.e. knowing not to touch hot stove

i.e. automatic skills

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14
Q

unconscious decision-making

A

decisions can be made without evaluating situation, know unconsciously what behaviour to conduct i.e. not yelling in class

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15
Q

unconsciousness: freud

A

the unconsciousness makes up most of our selves, holds immoral desires and motives

mental health issues stem from repressed desires

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16
Q

2 theories of sleep

A

adaptive theory: sleeping keeps us away from predators, less active for survival

restorative theory: sleep restores brain and body

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17
Q

circadian rhythm

A

24 hour sleep/wake schedule

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18
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

part of the hypothalamus

controls circadian rhythm

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19
Q

sleep cycle

A

90-100 minutes with 4 stages + REM

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20
Q

stage 1

A

transition into sleep –> 5 mins
alpha to theta waves
HR and bpm down

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21
Q

myoclonic jerk

A

body suddenly starts

occurs during stage 1

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22
Q

hypnagogic state

A

hallucinations

occurs during stage 1

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23
Q

stage 2

A

harder to wake 15-20 mins

sleep spindles occur: sudden brave waves

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24
Q

stage 3

A

deeper sleep 5-15 mins

theta and delta waves

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25
Q

stage 4

A

deepest sleep 20-30 minutes

waking during this time can cause grogginess

mostly delta waves

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26
Q

sleepwalking and bed wetting

A

mainly occur in children

occur during stage 4, deepest sleep

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27
Q

REM sleep

A

lighter than stage 4, when most dreams occur

rapid and irregular brain waves

HR and breathing up

activity in occipital and prefrontal lobes aka vision and planning

28
Q

info processing theory

A

sleep helps us process the experiences of the day

allows us to problem solve without consequences

29
Q

activation-synthesis model

A

the brain creates dreams as a result of random neural activity

sensory cortex is activated during sleep

30
Q

freudian dream theory

A

dreams represent repressed desires

31
Q

sleep and age

A

need less sleep as we age, this contradicts restoration theory because seniors need more repair

32
Q

sleep deprivation

A

extended lack of sleep, or lack of quality sleep

33
Q

insomnia

A

most common sleep disorder

inability to sleep or early waking

34
Q

sleep apnea

A

snoring and sudden stopping of breathing

can result in cardiac arrest

35
Q

narcolepsy

A

hereditary, no cure

sudden falling into REM sleep, up to 15 mins

36
Q

sleepwalking

A

common in children, during deep sleep

may be inherited

37
Q

night terrors

A

screaming during night, not remembered

common in children, resolved by adolescence

38
Q

nightmare disorder

A

common in stressed children

39
Q

hypnosis

A

state of increased suggestibility, focus, and relaxation

40
Q

posthypnotic response

A

implementing idea through hypnosis that persists once trance is broken

41
Q

posthypnotic amnesia

A

forgetting acts that occurred during hypnosis once out of trance

42
Q

hypnotic hallucinations

A

seeing things that aren’t there, or not seeing something during hypnosis

43
Q

anterior cingulate complex

A

decreased activity during hypnosis, results in decreased sensation of pain

44
Q

social cognitive process

A

during hypnosis, participant is motivated to believe in the process

45
Q

divided consciousness theory

A

awareness splits into one half that responds to suggestion, and other half that doesn’t consciously perceive pain

46
Q

meditation

A

turning consciousness inwards rather than outwards

47
Q

mindfulness

A

being accepting of current situation, in all positive or negative aspects

48
Q

concentrative meditation

A

actively concentrating on idea, word (matra) or koan (unsolvable riddle)

49
Q

opening-up approach

A

clearing the mind to receive new experiences

50
Q

addiction

A

physical or psychological compulsion to take drug as a result of the physical response that comes w repetitively taking drugs

51
Q

morphine and heroin

A

depressant

opioid

activates release of opioid neurotransmitters, reduces pain and produces pleasure

52
Q

LSD

A

hallucinogen

increases dopamine and serotonin, strengthens visual perception

53
Q

ecstasy/MDMA

A

hallucinogen

increases serotonin, increases feelings of empathy, affection, energy

54
Q

cocaine

A

stimulant

blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin

increases energy and happiness

55
Q

alcohol

A

depressant

affects GABA neurons

affects prefrontal lobe first, planning and morals

56
Q

xanax and valium

A

depressant

sedative-hypnotic

affects GABA neurons, increases relaxation and reduces anxiety

57
Q

caffeine

A

stimulant

affects adenosine neurons

increases alertness

58
Q

cannabis/THC

A

hallucinogen

can have varying affects (all 3 categories)

releases endorphins and dopamine

59
Q

nicotine

A

stimulant

increases dopamine and acetylcholine neurons, serotonin

increases alertness

60
Q

amphetamine

A

stimulant

increases dopamine and norepinephrine

increases happiness and energy, decreases appetite

61
Q

stimulants

A

increase body processes by affecting CNS

62
Q

hallucinogens

A

produce sensory or perceptual distortions

63
Q

depressants

A

suppress body processes thru CNS

64
Q

reward learning pathway

A

activated by psychoactive drugs, also called pleasure pathway

allows brain to associate pleasure w stimuli

65
Q

reward-deficiency syndrome

A

inability to feel pleasure from inadequately active neurotransmitters

can lead to drug abuse

PS101 (11 decks)

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