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PS101 > Unit 12 > Flashcards

Unit 12 Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

characteristics as a result of enduring patterns of experience and behaviour

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2
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

made by freud

people are mainly influenced by unconsciousness coming into awareness

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3
Q

freud

A

developed psychoanalysis: talking to clients

discovered parent-child relationship and influence on adulthood, defense mechanisms

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4
Q

3 forces of personality

A

id: instinctual drives we are born with, following the pleasure principle (seek pleasure, avoid pain)

ego: rational thoughts developed from learning, satisfies id appropriate to environment

superego: forms during childhood, moral limits, includes internalization of values and guilty conscious

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5
Q

psychosexual stages

A

phallic, oral, anal, latent, genital

focus on erogenous zones, if issues not resolved will result in being stuck at stage

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6
Q

phallic stage

A

attraction to parent, results in confusion in sexual role

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7
Q

genital

A

mature relationships, results in relationship problems

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8
Q

oral

A

weaning, focus on oral pleasure i.e. cigarettes

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9
Q

anal

A

potty training, become obsessed w tidiness and control

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10
Q

latent

A

hatred of same-sex parent, no fixations

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11
Q

defense mechanisms

A

unconscious tactic to protect self from internal conflict

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12
Q

denial

A

refusing to acknowledge current situation

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13
Q

repression

A

burying painful thoughts into unconscious

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14
Q

why is freud discredited?

A

didn’t take notes, made stuff up, ideas cannot be scientifically proven

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15
Q

neo-freudians

A

believe human functions from underlying forces

believe unconscious mind is majority, childhood shapes personality, and we struggle internally

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16
Q

alfred adler

A

social needs and conscious thoughts cause personality, not sexual needs

inferiority complex: need for domination

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17
Q

carl jung

A

personal unconscious: formed thru individual experience

collective unconscious: shared info from entire human race

archetypes: carry across cultures

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18
Q

karen horney

A

rejected penis envy, says women desire power men have from society

culture impacts development

isolated kids may have anxiety, can lead to illness

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19
Q

humanistic perspective

A

maslow and rogers

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20
Q

abraham maslow

A

created heirarchy of needs

says humans want to reach full potential, called self-actualization

should study healthy people

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21
Q

carl rogers

A

humans are good and want self-actualization

started positive psychology

22
Q

hierarchy of needs

A

basic needs, psychological needs, self-fulfillment

not all reach top

23
Q

self-concept

A

rogers

consistent pattern of self-perception used to characterize person

24
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

unconditional acceptance w/o conditions, used so patients don’t feel attacked

25
Q

client-centred therapy

A

rogers

client views self worth and childhood objectively, and therapist doesn’t assume anything

26
Q

personality trait

A

tendencies to behave are constant across conditions

27
Q

gordon allport

A

1st trait theory, worked on case studies

made lexical hypothesis: language contains ways people differ

28
Q

hans eysneck

A

created superfactors

29
Q

superfactors

A

eysneck made 3, they encompass many smaller traits

neuroticism: negativity
extraversion: outgoingness
psychoticism: out of touch

30
Q

5-factor model

A

proposes 5 traits, empirically found

openness
conscientiousness
neuroticism
agreeableness

31
Q

pros and cons trait theories

A

pros
- easy to predict adult traits
- strong genetic contribution

cons
- oversimplifies humans
- personality fixed, when it’s changing

32
Q

situationism

A

behaviour is result of situations over internal traits i.e. quiet at funeral, loud at home

33
Q

interactionism

A

relationship b/w reinforcing aspects of situation

our behaviour is because of our interactions w others

i.e. praise makes you think you’re good student

34
Q

personal inventories

A

questionnaires to assess personality

35
Q

MMPI-1

A

obscure y/n questions to assess abnormal personality traits

valid due to obscurity, avoids social desire to conform

36
Q

NEO personality inventory

A

scores neuroticism, openness, extraversion

37
Q

projective tests

A

use ambiguous situations to assess unconscious

38
Q

inkblot test

A

not valid

make participant form meaning from ink

39
Q

thematic apperception test (TET)

A

makes stories from images, systematic but low validity

40
Q

genes vs environment

A

genes have greater influence than environment i.e. twins

environment can lead to illness is there’s genetic predisposition

41
Q

amygdala and personality

A

kids in bad situations have easily activated amygdala, making them shyer or scared

42
Q

gender and personality

A

more similarities than differences

biases lead to incorrect conclusions from correlations

43
Q

gilligan

A

men have higher individuality and autonomy

women have higher social and connectedness

44
Q

hyde

A

genders have differences in aggression, motor skills, bcs of testosterone

result of societal expectations over hormones

45
Q

collectivist cultures

A

view individual as part of the group

agreeable members

46
Q

individualist cultures

A

value individual achievement, self as individual

more extraversion and openness

47
Q

socioeconomic situation

A

poor state = higher impulsivity

ability to delay gratification higher depending on culture, and trust in situation

48
Q

personality disorders

A

inflexible patterns that cause distress or interruptions

49
Q

BPD

A

feelings of abandonment, instable emotions and self-concept (pattern of self-perception) outbursts

50
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

higher in men

extreme disregard of others feelings and rights, exploitative, reckless, egotisitcal

51
Q

4 features of personality disorders

A

1) distorted thinking patterns
2) poor emotional response
3) impulse control issues
4) problems in relationships

PS101 (11 decks)

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