Unit 16

Question 1

3 components treatment

Answer 1

1) sufferer who seeks help
2) healer who gives assistance
3) series of contacts with goal of changing attitudes, behaviours

Question 2

psychotherapy vs biological therapy

Answer 2

psycho: words/acts to overcome psych difficulties

bio: drugs and physiological intervention i.e. surgery

Question 3

deinstutionalization

Answer 3

abolishing PRIVATE institutions i.e. psych hospitals and return to families

Question 4

canadian mental health act

Answer 4

gives patients rights, cannot force them to be hospitalized

only involuntary admitted if pose a risk to self or others in front of judge

Question 5

psychotropic drugs

Answer 5

act on brain

i.e. antianxiety, antipsychotics

Question 6

regression to the mean

Answer 6

when patient goes to doctor at peak of illness, then naturally recovers

Question 7

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 7

treats severe depression, send electrical signal to brain to cause SEIZURE, very traumatic and can cause memory loss

70% success in severe depression

Question 8

vagus nerve stimulation

Answer 8

implant that stimulates left vagus nerve to reduce depression, since may not be active enough

Question 9

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 9

non-invasive, electromagnetic coil on head to send signal to PREFRONTAL CORTEX

needs mult attempts, depressed may have underactive prefrontal cortex

Question 10

trephining

Answer 10

drilling hole into skull to release evil spirits, ancient method

Question 11

lobotomy

Answer 11

cut connection between frontal lobe and lower brain for schizophrenics

intellectual loss, seizure, death

Question 12

deep brain stimulation

Answer 12

implanted electrodes give CONSTANT low voltage to brain but still in experimental phase

treats depression, PARKINSONS, seizures

Question 13

strengths vs weaknesses bio approaches

Answer 13

strength: last case resort

weakness: psych approaches can be just as effective, didn’t give it the chance

Question 14

free association

Answer 14

patient is able to talk about whatever they want

reveals unconscious thoughts about events discussed

Question 15

resistance

Answer 15

patient doesn’t want to talk about something, or changes subject

may be unconsciously done to avoid pain

Question 16

transference

Answer 16

transferring feelings about childhood figures to therapist

allows deeper understanding of childhood

Question 17

dream interpretation

Answer 17

freud said the unconsciousness was unguarded during sleep

Question 18

catharsis

Answer 18

relief from unrepressing trauma

Question 19

working through

Answer 19

going over the traumatic over and over again to understand it

Question 20

short-term psychodynamic theory

Answer 20

cost-efficient and time-efficient

therapist and patient only focus on one subject called dynamic focus

Question 21

rational psychodynamic theory

Answer 21

therapists are key, and patients should understand their therapists in order to open up to them

Question 22

pros and cons psychodynamic approach

Answer 22

strengths
- says psychological approach has potential over biology

weakness
- not supported by science

Question 23

behavioural therapies

Answer 23

says behaviours taught thru classical and operant conditioning

replace negative behaviours with healthy ones

Question 24

classical conditioning techniques

Answer 24

systematic desensitization: exposing to increasingly larger stimulus, for phobias, PTSD, anxiety etc.

aversion therapy: therapist helps ACQUIRE anxiety around excessively enticing stimulus i.e. electric shock when drink alcohol

Question 25

operant conditioning techniques

Answer 25

reward desired behaviours and WITHOLD rewards with negative behaviour

token economies: give tokens to receieve reward when show desired behaviour i.e. prison stamps for cigarettes

Question 26

modelling techniques

Answer 26

therapists demonstrate behaviour for patient to practice and replicate

social skills training: role playing scenarios to implement irl

Question 27

pros and cons behavioural approach

Answer 27

strengths
- widely studied and supported
- effective for many disorders

weakness
- doesn’t work for generalized disorders, because not specific stimulus

Question 28

CBT techniques

Answer 28

ellis and beck

Question 29

ellis’s rational-emotive therapy

Answer 29

identify IRRATIONAL ASSUMPTIONS that lead to disordered behaviours

1) point out irrationality
2) model alternative behaviours
3) cognitive restructuring: replace negative w positive
4) helps w anxiety and assertiveness

Question 30

beck’s cognitive therapy

Answer 30

identify and change negative thoughts

as effective as drug therapy 2/3

used for social anxiety disorders

Question 31

2nd wave CBT

Answer 31

recognize negative thoughts are only thoughts

acceptance > elimination, helps w general anxiety

Question 32

pros vs cons CBT

Answer 32

pros
- specific and general
- supported

cons
- unclear role of C

Question 33

humanists vs existentialists

Answer 33

humanists: we are meant to fulfill potential

existentialist: we must take responsibility for our futures and choices

Question 34

gestalt therapy

Answer 34

guide towards self-acceptance by frustrating patient w roleplaying and rules

Question 35

roger’s client-centered therapy

Answer 35

give clients unconditional positive regard

accurate empathy: skillful listening and repeating of comments

Question 36

gestalt techniques

Answer 36

skillful frustration: therapists refuse to meet demands, show client how often they manipulate others to meet needs

role playing: encourage full acceptance of emotions

rules: make client focus on self i.e. only use possessive pronouns

Question 37

pros cons humanistic/existential approach

Answer 37

pros
- see positive in humans

cons
- only partially supported, difficult to research

Question 38

community treatment

Answer 38

emphasizes prevention of illness

primary: prevention of general disorder
secondary: detecting early stage disorders
tertiary: prevent making severe go to chronic

Question 39

culture-sensitive therapy

Answer 39

takes into account cultural values and stresses

Question 40

feminist therapy/gender-sensitive

Answer 40

acknowledge stressors of girls and women