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PS101 > Unit 15 > Flashcards

Unit 15 Flashcards

1
Q

5 proposed reasons for psych disorder

A

1) genetic factors
2) too few/man neurotransmitters
3) viral infection impacting brain
4) hormones (only potential link)
5) brain structure abnormalities

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2
Q

what are the 4 features of abnormal psych?

A

1) deviance: behaviour deviates from normal societal activities
2) distress: abnormal behaviour/thoughts causes distress in the affected individual
3) dysfunction: behaviour interferes with everyday life, their relationships, etc.
4) disorder: likely to become risk to self

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3
Q

ICD-10

A

used by countries to classify psych disorders

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4
Q

DSM

A

Canadian/North American system to classify psych disorders

includes 400 disorders

on 5th edition (DSM-5)

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5
Q

comorbidity

A

when a person has two or more disorders

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6
Q

cognitive-behavioural model

A

psych illness is a result of maladaptive behaviours and thoughts, that are learned over time

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7
Q

behavioural perspective of CBT

A

psych illness a result of operant and classical conditioning

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8
Q

selective perception

A

only see the negative aspects of things

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9
Q

magnification

A

exaggerating the importance of negative events/ideas

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10
Q

overgeneralization

A

drawing meaningful, NEGATIVE conclusions from a non-significant event

i.e. overthinking

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11
Q

socio-cultural model

A

society characteristics creates stressors for people in those cultural groups

i.e. support system, familial expectations

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12
Q

developmental psychology model

A

how problematic behaviours evolve from genes and early experiences

i.e. abuse in childhood

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13
Q

equifinality

A

children start at different points but end up at the same place

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14
Q

multifinality

A

start at same point but end up at different points in life

i.e. privileged kids, but one ends up in prison

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15
Q

resilience

A

ability to recover from negative effects of circumstance

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16
Q

mood disorders

A

disorders that include depression, mania, or both

depression: low state (depressed), flat feeling of being overwhelmed

mania: elation and frenzy

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17
Q

dysthymic disorder

A

mild, long-lasting depression that’s less severe than major depression

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18
Q

cyclothemic disorder

A

less severe manic and depressive states of BPD

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19
Q

major depressive disorder

A

disabling depressed mood not caused by drugs or other medical condition

can look like anxiety, as patient is agitated

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20
Q

explanations major depressive disorder

A

NO scientific evidence related to hormone imbalances

neuro: low norepinephrine and dopamine, high cortisol

socio-cultural: lack of social support plus cultural stressors

CBT: learned helplessness, attribution-helplessness theory, automatic thoughts (negative, unwanted and sudden)

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21
Q

attribution-helplessness theory

A

view events as out of control, may believe problems are due to SELF

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22
Q

explanations BPD

A

neuro: gene abnormalities, ion irregularities that interfere with neuron communication

other causes: stress and bio predisposition

23
Q

anxiety disorder

A

disabling anxiety that’s easily triggered

most ppl have multiple disorders

24
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

not triggered by one stimulus as a result of dysfunctional assumptions, can result in restlessness and diff concentrating

25
Q

explanations general anxiety

A

CBT: assumption of danger, intolerance to uncertainty

neuro: malfunctioning GABA feedback and emotional brain circuit, resulting in neurons not ceasing firing when stressed

26
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

7.1% population

fear of social embarassment or poor functioning

CBT: unrealistic social standards, view self as socially unattractive

27
Q

phobias

A

7.7% canadians experience/year

can be classically or operantly conditioned
i.e. little albert vs avoiding reduces anxiety

modelling fear i.e. see parent w fear of spiders

excessive evolutionary response i.e. fear of spiders due to posion

28
Q

cause of common phobias

A

evolutionary factors gone to extreme, has meaning but is now meaningless/gone too far

29
Q

brontophobia

A

fear of thunder

30
Q

panic attack

A

periodic bouts of panic

has specific requirements in order to be a panic attack

31
Q

panic disorder

A

has panic attacks AND results in changes in behaviours/thoughts that impacts life

often accompanied with agoraphobia

32
Q

explanations of panic disorder

A

excessive norepinephrine, misinterpretation of body sensations (i.e. heart racing –> heart attack)

33
Q

OCD components

A

obsessions: thoughts/ideas that are persistent and unwanted

compulsions: repetitive, rigid BEHAVIOURS often as a result of obsessions

34
Q

OCD explanations

A

neuro: low serotonin, overactive orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nuclei
- involved in turning sensory info into thoughts/info

CBT: learning that compulsions decrease stress/anxiety

35
Q

acute stress disorder (AS)

A

systems last 1 month or less, and starts within one month after event

36
Q

PTSD

A

symptoms start right away, and last more than 1 month

37
Q

explanations PTSD

A

bio: increased norepinephrine and cortisol, damage to hippocampus or amygdala

result of personality, social, and cultural factors

38
Q

psychosis

A

loss of touch with reality

39
Q

schizophrenia

A

disordered thoughts, hallucinations, lack of contact w reality (psychosis)

40
Q

positive schizophrenia symptoms

A

pathological EXCESS in behaviour, i.e. hallucinations, delusions

delusions: false beliefs about self and others

loose associations/derailment: rapid movement of one thought to another

41
Q

negative schizophrenia symptoms

A

pathological DEFICITS i.e. flat affect, speech impairments, social withdrawal

42
Q

psychomotor symtpoms

A

schizophrenics are affected in movements, stupor, rigidity

43
Q

catatonia

A

extreme psychomotor symptoms, interfering with daily life

44
Q

explanations schizo

A

neruo/bio: genetic predisposition, excess dopamine, enlarged ventricles and smaller temporal/frontal lobes

disathesis-stress model: genetic predisposition PLUS traumatic event

45
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

causes distress and disruption to daily life, has anxiety around health lasting 6+ months

46
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

excessive care seeking 6+ months, result in classic conditioning and misinterpretation of body signals

47
Q

dissociative disorder

A

major loss of memory without physical explanation

48
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

cannot remember traumatic experience

49
Q

derealization disorder

A

person feels separated from body

50
Q

DID

A

two or more distinct personalities

51
Q

personality disorders

A

rigid patterns of inner and outward experience

i.e. antisocial personality and BPD

52
Q

explanation personality disorders

A

operant conditioning, deficiency in frontal lobe, less stress to stress and anxiety

53
Q

bisocial theory

A

child cannot identify emotions and environment disregards feelings

PS101 (11 decks)

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