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Marine Science > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the benefits of living in the intertidal zones?

A

Lots of Sunlight for Photosynthesis

Lots of Food and Nutrients

Lots of Hiding Places PFH

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2
Q

What are the costs of living in the intertidal zones?

A

Sun dries you out

Waves are rough

Salinity changes w/ rainfall and evaporation

Lots of Competition

Predators (Birds)

SWSCP

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3
Q

What are the different zones in coastal ecosystems?

A

Spray/Splash Zone-High Intertidal-Mid Intertidal-Low Intertidal SHML

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4
Q

What is the trend as you move higher in the zones?

A

More shells-Less squishy and water

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5
Q

What is the trend as you move lower in the zones?

A

Less shells-More water and squishy

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the Spray Zone?

A

High on the Beach- Out of water for most of the time

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7
Q

What are the animals/plants in the Spray Zone?

A

Amphipod-Lichen-Periwinkles-Limpet S-ALPL

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8
Q

What are the adaptations in the Spray Zone?

A

Amphipod burying itself in the sand.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the High Intertidal Zone?

A

Increased Wave Action- Tidepools provide some protection

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10
Q

What are some animals/plants in the High Intertidal Zone?

A

Gutweed-Limpets-Mussels-Shorecrab H-GLMS

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11
Q

What are the adaptations in the High Intertidal Zone?

A

Anemones surviving wave action by attaching themselves to the sheltered side of large rocks.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the Mid Intertidal Zone?

A

Most active region-Twice a day underwater and out of water-More forms of Algae

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13
Q

What are the animals/plants in the Mid Intertidal Zone?

A

Rockweed-Balanus Barnacle-Wrinkled Whelks M-RBW

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14
Q

What are the adaptations in the Mid Intertidal Zones?

A

Using tube feet for echinoderms to anchor down tightly

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the Low Intertidal Zones?

A

Most food and shelter underwater for a lot of the time- Diverse array of algae

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16
Q

What are the animals in the Low Intertidal Zones?

A

Red Algae-Slender Sea Star-Lined Chiton-Purple Sea Urchin L-RSCU

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17
Q

What are the adaptations in the Low Intertidal Zones?

A

Tube worms using hard tubes around their bodies for protection.

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18
Q

What are the human impacts and conservation for Intertidal Zones?

A

Overharvesting of Algae for food- Shell Collecting-Pollution-Climate Change OSPC

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19
Q

How is Sand formed?

A

Formed by deposition of particles that have been carried by water currents from other areas.

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20
Q

What are the sources of Sand?

A

Mountains-Volcanoes-Broken Shells MVB

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21
Q

What are the main components of Sandy Beaches?

A

Quartz-Carbonate-Black Sand QCB

22
Q

What is the chemical formula and origin of Quartz?

A

SiO2-Terrestrial Origin

23
Q

What is the chemical formula and origin of Carbonate?

A

CaCO3-Marine Origin

24
Q

What is the chemical formula and origin of Black Sand?

A

Feldspar and Quartz-Volcanoe

25
Q

What are the 3 S’s of Sand?

A

Size-Shape-Sorting

26
Q

Define Size

A

Depends of source and waves. Strong waves leave only large sediments and sheltered beaches have smaller sediments. Materials get smaller w/ transportation. (Long Travel Time=Small Size)

27
Q

Define Shape

A

Transporting of sediments rounds off edges. (MORE TRANSPORT=WELL ROUNDED)

28
Q

Define Sorting

A

Well-Sorted: Similar Sizes; transported for long time and distance.

Poorly-Sorted: different sizes; deposited close to the source of erosion.

29
Q

What is the order of sand grain size from largest to smallest?

A

Pebbles-Granules-Coarse Sand-Medium Sand-Fine Sand-Silt-Clay PGCM-FSC

30
Q

_____ marks the highest point of a high tide.

A

Wrack Line

31
Q

What are the characteristics of Sandy Beaches

A

No stable, fixed surface but zonation still occurs.

Molluscs w/ two shells are common; they have a soft body.

32
Q

What are the animals/plants in Sandy Beaches

A

Beach Hopper- Sand Crab- Roly Poly- Donax- Razor Clam S-BSR-DR

33
Q

What are the adaptations of organisms in Sandy Beaches?

A

Animals will burrow in order to have a more stable environment.

34
Q

What are the human impacts and conservation in Sandy Beaches?

A

Coastal Development- Recreation- Pollution-Sea Level Rise CRPS

35
Q

What are the characteristics of Estuaries?

A

Where rivers meet the sea- They are consisted of Brackish Water

36
Q

Define Brackish Water

A

A mixture of fresh water draining from the land and salty seawater.

37
Q

What are some animals/plants in estuaries?

A

Cordgrass-Pickleweed-Sea Lavendar-Bobcat-Kingsnake-Birds E-CPS-BKB

38
Q

What are some adaptations in Estuaries?

A

They have to be able to deal w/ salt.

39
Q

What are the human impacts and conservation in Estuaries?

A

Dredging-Pollution-Overfishing DPO

40
Q

Explain the Beaches in Summer.

A

Smaller energy and lower fluctuation in waves deposits sediments. SD

41
Q

Explain the Beaches in Winter.

A

Higher energy winter waves erode away the beaches berm. WE

42
Q

What are all of the Phylums?

A

Porifera-Cnidaria-Platyhelminthes-Echinodermata-Annelida-Nematoda-Arthropoda-Mollusca-Chordata PC-PEAN-AMC

43
Q

Explain everything about Porifera.

A

Sponges PS

Sessile- permanently attached spicules-slender pointed hard body

44
Q

Explain everything about Cnidaria.

A

Jellies and Corals CJC

Radially Symmetrical

Digestive cavity with only 1 opening

45
Q

Explain everything about Platyhelminthes.

A

Flatworms PF

Have body organs

Simple digestive and nervous system

Bilateral Symmetry- Two halves of the body mirror each other.

46
Q

Explain everything about Echinodermata.

A

Sea Stars and Sea Urchins ESS

5 Fold Radial Symmetry

CaCO3 Skeleton

Tube Feet: operated by fluid pressure (hydrostatic skeleton)

47
Q

Explain everything about Annelida.

A

Segmented Worms AS

Segmented Body Wall

Surface scales or bristles

48
Q

Explain everything about Nematoda.

A

Round Worms NR

Unsegmented Body- a tapered tube.

Move by coiling and uncoiling.

Lots of parasites.

49
Q

Explain everything about Arthropoda.

A

Crustaceans- Lobster, crab, and Shrimp ALCS

Jointed Appendages

Hard exoskeleton made of chitin

Bilateral Symmetry

Reproduce Sexually

50
Q

Explain everything about Mollusca

A

Snails, Squid, Clams MSSC

Open circulatory system

Animal covered with a shell of 1,2, or 8 pieces.

Can be without an external shell but w/ a muscular foot or 8 tentacles.

51
Q

Explain everything about Chordata.

A

Mammals, Reptiles, Birds, Fish, Sharks CMRBFS

Animal body bilateral symmetry

Animals w/ a notochord (often becomes backbone).

Marine Science (8 decks)

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