Unit 6 Flashcards
What are the benefits of living in the intertidal zones?
Lots of Sunlight for Photosynthesis
Lots of Food and Nutrients
Lots of Hiding Places PFH
What are the costs of living in the intertidal zones?
Sun dries you out
Waves are rough
Salinity changes w/ rainfall and evaporation
Lots of Competition
Predators (Birds)
SWSCP
What are the different zones in coastal ecosystems?
Spray/Splash Zone-High Intertidal-Mid Intertidal-Low Intertidal SHML
What is the trend as you move higher in the zones?
More shells-Less squishy and water
What is the trend as you move lower in the zones?
Less shells-More water and squishy
What are the characteristics of the Spray Zone?
High on the Beach- Out of water for most of the time
What are the animals/plants in the Spray Zone?
Amphipod-Lichen-Periwinkles-Limpet S-ALPL
What are the adaptations in the Spray Zone?
Amphipod burying itself in the sand.
What are the characteristics of the High Intertidal Zone?
Increased Wave Action- Tidepools provide some protection
What are some animals/plants in the High Intertidal Zone?
Gutweed-Limpets-Mussels-Shorecrab H-GLMS
What are the adaptations in the High Intertidal Zone?
Anemones surviving wave action by attaching themselves to the sheltered side of large rocks.
What are the characteristics of the Mid Intertidal Zone?
Most active region-Twice a day underwater and out of water-More forms of Algae
What are the animals/plants in the Mid Intertidal Zone?
Rockweed-Balanus Barnacle-Wrinkled Whelks M-RBW
What are the adaptations in the Mid Intertidal Zones?
Using tube feet for echinoderms to anchor down tightly
What are the characteristics of the Low Intertidal Zones?
Most food and shelter underwater for a lot of the time- Diverse array of algae
What are the animals in the Low Intertidal Zones?
Red Algae-Slender Sea Star-Lined Chiton-Purple Sea Urchin L-RSCU
What are the adaptations in the Low Intertidal Zones?
Tube worms using hard tubes around their bodies for protection.
What are the human impacts and conservation for Intertidal Zones?
Overharvesting of Algae for food- Shell Collecting-Pollution-Climate Change OSPC
How is Sand formed?
Formed by deposition of particles that have been carried by water currents from other areas.
What are the sources of Sand?
Mountains-Volcanoes-Broken Shells MVB
What are the main components of Sandy Beaches?
Quartz-Carbonate-Black Sand QCB
What is the chemical formula and origin of Quartz?
SiO2-Terrestrial Origin
What is the chemical formula and origin of Carbonate?
CaCO3-Marine Origin
What is the chemical formula and origin of Black Sand?
Feldspar and Quartz-Volcanoe
What are the 3 S’s of Sand?
Size-Shape-Sorting
Define Size
Depends of source and waves. Strong waves leave only large sediments and sheltered beaches have smaller sediments. Materials get smaller w/ transportation. (Long Travel Time=Small Size)
Define Shape
Transporting of sediments rounds off edges. (MORE TRANSPORT=WELL ROUNDED)
Define Sorting
Well-Sorted: Similar Sizes; transported for long time and distance.
Poorly-Sorted: different sizes; deposited close to the source of erosion.
What is the order of sand grain size from largest to smallest?
Pebbles-Granules-Coarse Sand-Medium Sand-Fine Sand-Silt-Clay PGCM-FSC
_____ marks the highest point of a high tide.
Wrack Line
What are the characteristics of Sandy Beaches
No stable, fixed surface but zonation still occurs.
Molluscs w/ two shells are common; they have a soft body.
What are the animals/plants in Sandy Beaches
Beach Hopper- Sand Crab- Roly Poly- Donax- Razor Clam S-BSR-DR
What are the adaptations of organisms in Sandy Beaches?
Animals will burrow in order to have a more stable environment.
What are the human impacts and conservation in Sandy Beaches?
Coastal Development- Recreation- Pollution-Sea Level Rise CRPS
What are the characteristics of Estuaries?
Where rivers meet the sea- They are consisted of Brackish Water
Define Brackish Water
A mixture of fresh water draining from the land and salty seawater.
What are some animals/plants in estuaries?
Cordgrass-Pickleweed-Sea Lavendar-Bobcat-Kingsnake-Birds E-CPS-BKB
What are some adaptations in Estuaries?
They have to be able to deal w/ salt.
What are the human impacts and conservation in Estuaries?
Dredging-Pollution-Overfishing DPO
Explain the Beaches in Summer.
Smaller energy and lower fluctuation in waves deposits sediments. SD
Explain the Beaches in Winter.
Higher energy winter waves erode away the beaches berm. WE
What are all of the Phylums?
Porifera-Cnidaria-Platyhelminthes-Echinodermata-Annelida-Nematoda-Arthropoda-Mollusca-Chordata PC-PEAN-AMC
Explain everything about Porifera.
Sponges PS
Sessile- permanently attached spicules-slender pointed hard body
Explain everything about Cnidaria.
Jellies and Corals CJC
Radially Symmetrical
Digestive cavity with only 1 opening
Explain everything about Platyhelminthes.
Flatworms PF
Have body organs
Simple digestive and nervous system
Bilateral Symmetry- Two halves of the body mirror each other.
Explain everything about Echinodermata.
Sea Stars and Sea Urchins ESS
5 Fold Radial Symmetry
CaCO3 Skeleton
Tube Feet: operated by fluid pressure (hydrostatic skeleton)
Explain everything about Annelida.
Segmented Worms AS
Segmented Body Wall
Surface scales or bristles
Explain everything about Nematoda.
Round Worms NR
Unsegmented Body- a tapered tube.
Move by coiling and uncoiling.
Lots of parasites.
Explain everything about Arthropoda.
Crustaceans- Lobster, crab, and Shrimp ALCS
Jointed Appendages
Hard exoskeleton made of chitin
Bilateral Symmetry
Reproduce Sexually
Explain everything about Mollusca
Snails, Squid, Clams MSSC
Open circulatory system
Animal covered with a shell of 1,2, or 8 pieces.
Can be without an external shell but w/ a muscular foot or 8 tentacles.
Explain everything about Chordata.
Mammals, Reptiles, Birds, Fish, Sharks CMRBFS
Animal body bilateral symmetry
Animals w/ a notochord (often becomes backbone).
