Unit 4

Question 1

How do ocean current affect us?

Answer 1

Shipping and Transport- Search and Rescue- Clean Up STSRC

Question 2

Earth rotates _____ this is why the sun rises in the ____ and sets in the _____.

Answer 2

Counter-Clockwise- East-West

Question 3

Explain everything about Surface Currents

Answer 3

10%/Gyres/Ekman Spiral/Wind-driven movement o the ocean water at or near the ocean’s surface. 10GEW

Question 4

Explain everything about Thermohaline (Deep-Ocean) Currents.

Answer 4

90%/ Changes in Density

Question 5

North Pacific and North Atlantic Gyres rotate _____ and bring warm water from the equator to the _____ side of the continents.

Answer 5

Clockwise-Eastern NClock

Question 6

Cold water from the poles move along the _____ side of the continents.

Answer 6

Western

Question 7

South Pacific and South Atlantic gyres rotate ____ and bring warm water to the _____ side of the continents.

Answer 7

Counter-Clockwise- Eastern

Question 8

Define Thermohaline Currents and identify their causation.

Answer 8

Slow, deep currents that affect the bulk of seawater below the surface; caused by changes in the density of water (changes in temperature and salinity).

Question 9

Brings _____ water to the poles and _____ waters to the equator.

Answer 9

Warm-Cool

Question 10

Changes in temperature or salinity could affect _____ & ______.

Answer 10

Agriculture-Fishing AF

Question 11

Changes in temperature could cause increase in _____.

Answer 11

Hurricanes

Question 12

_____ of deep, cold, nutrient rich water causes _____ to grow.

Answer 12

Upwelling-Plankton

Question 13

What are the basic characteristics of a wave?

Answer 13

Crest-Wavelength-Trough-Wave Height-Period CWTWP

Question 14

Define Crest

Answer 14

Part of the wave highest above undisturbed sea surface.

Question 15

Define Wavelength

Answer 15

Distance between two crests or troughs.

Question 16

Define Trough

Answer 16

Part of the wave that is depressed in the lowest below the sea surface.

Question 17

Define Period

Answer 17

Time required for two successive troughs/crests to pass a point.

Question 18

What are the two forces that generate waves?

Answer 18

Air-Crust AC

Question 19

How does the wind generate waves?

Answer 19

As the wind blows on the surface, the crest of the wave reaches a certain known depth into the water, equal to 1/2 of the wavelength. The motion of the water particles decreases as depth increases, until the depth of influence is reached.

Question 20

An object on a wave does not move forward with the wave energy, but _____ to the same general area.

Answer 20

Returned

Question 21

At the surface, the orbital motion of an object is equal to the _____.

Answer 21

Height

Question 22

At a depth of _____ of the wavelength, orbital motion is almost zero.

Answer 22

1/2

Question 23

What are the types of breaking waves?

Answer 23

Plunging-Spilling-Surging PSS

Question 24

Define Plunging Breakers and give an example.

Answer 24

Deep to shallow; newport beach. DSN

Question 25

Define Spilling Breakers and give an example.

Answer 25

Gradual Slope, flat surface; Huntington GFH

Question 26

Define Surging Breakers

Answer 26

Waves slow down as they come into shallow water.

Question 27

High energy waves with long wavelengths generally create a beach that is made of _____ size and _____. These beaches are usually made of rocks and boulders.

Answer 27

Uniformly-Larger

Question 28

Low energy waves with shorter wavelengths create a beach that is made of _____ and _____ grain sizes. These beaches are usually made of mud, silt, or sand.

Answer 28

Mixed-Smaller

Question 29

List some things about Tsunamis

Answer 29

Speeds of hundreds of miles per hour

Caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or underwater landslides. EVL

Once the wave reaches shore, it slows, wavelength decreases, energy of wave is being condensed and wave heights increase.

Question 30

Define Rogue Waves and when do they happen?

Answer 30

Defined as a wave whose height is more than twice the significant wave height.

Likely occurs when two waves with similar lengths and heights come together from opposite directions and create constructive interference of the wave.

Question 31

Why should we care about tides?

Answer 31

Navigation-Electricity-Weather-Fishing NEWF

Question 32

Define Tides

Answer 32

Periodic rise and fall of surface water caused by the gravitational force of the moon and the sun and by the rotation of the earth.

Question 33

Why are the changes in height and time predictable?

Answer 33

Because the movements of the solar system that influence tides are predictable.

Question 34

Define High Tide.

Answer 34

When tidal crest arrives at a particular location on shore, raising the local sea level. (2 daily)

Question 35

Define Low Tide

Answer 35

When the trough arrives, lowering the sea level. (2 daily)

Question 36

Define Flood Tide

Answer 36

A rise or incoming tide between low and high tide. FR

Question 37

Define Ebb Tide

Answer 37

A falling or outgoing tide between high tide and low tide. EF

Question 38

Define Tidal Range

Answer 38

The vertical distance between high tide and low tide is the tidal range. (Largest in the world: Bay of Fundy Canada)

Question 39

Newton’s Law of attraction states that the gravitational attraction between two bodies is _____ proportional to their masse, and _____ proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies.

Answer 39

Directly-Inversely

Question 40

Define Spring Tides.

Answer 40

Earth, moon, and sun are lined up (full/new moon).

Question 41

Define Neap Tides.

Answer 41

Earth, moon, and sun are 90 degrees with respect to one another.

Question 42

The sun has _____ of the tide-generating force of the Moon.

Answer 42

46%

Question 43

There are ______ spring tides and _____ neap tides in a tidal month.

Answer 43

2-2

Question 44

Tides are _____.

Answer 44

Predictable.