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Marine Science > Arthropods, Crustaceans, and Marine Fishes > Flashcards

Arthropods, Crustaceans, and Marine Fishes Flashcards

1
Q

What does Arthropod mean?

A

Jointed Foot

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2
Q

Give some examples of Arthropods

A

Shrimp-Crab-Lobster-Barnacles A-SCLB

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3
Q

What are some common features of Arthropods?

A

Body Segmentation-Hard Exoskeleton-Jointed Appendages- Complex Sensory Organs SEAO

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4
Q

What are Arthropods’ specialized appendages used for?

A

Jaws-Egg Depositor-Walking-Piercing-Swimming JEWPS

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5
Q

The hard, protective skeleton of an arthropod is called a _____.

A

Exoskeleton

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6
Q

This is made of a unique chemical called _____ that is found in arthropods and _____.

A

Chtin-Mushrooms

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7
Q

What type of circulatory system to arthropods have?

A

Open Circulatory System AO

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8
Q

What are the function of an exoskeleton in Arthropods?

A

Protection-Points of Attachment for Muscles PA

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9
Q

How do Arthropods get larger?

A

They have to molt; completely remove their exoskeleton and make a new one.

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10
Q

What can be said about the senses of Arthropods?

A

They have well-developed senses; they can see, hear, smell, touch, and feel very well. SHSTF

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11
Q

Crustaceans are mostly _____.

A

Marine

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12
Q

_____ - usually underneath for breathing.

A

Gills

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13
Q

_____ - pereiopods (5 pairs)

A

Walking Legs (Pereio)

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14
Q

_____ - pleopods (5 pairs)

A

Swimming Legs (Pleo)

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15
Q

What are the mouthparts of crustaceans?

A

Maxillipeds and Mandibles

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16
Q

What are chelipeds used for?

A

Defense/Pinching/Crushing DPC

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17
Q

What does the tail of Crustaceans consist of?

A

Telson-Uropod TU

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18
Q

What is Crustacean Feeding consisted of?

A

Predators and Scavengers- Crabs and Lobsters PCL

Filter Feeder- Barnacles FB

Parasites- isopods (fish lice), fish barnacles PIF

CLB-IF

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19
Q

What is the Antennae of Crustaceans used for?

A

Sensing

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20
Q

List important things about Barnacles.

A

The only sessile crustacean

Attach to almost anything- slow down vessels and whales.

Shell made of CACO3

Feathery appendages called cirripeds which filter water for food.

Hermaphrodites

Cross Fertilize: extendible penis goes from one to another.

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21
Q

List important things about Copepods

A

Largest group of crustaceans.

Most abundant type of zooplankton in all of the oceans.

Eat phytoplankton.

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22
Q

List important things about Krill.

A

Shrimp-like, filter feeders.

Found in open ocean (pelagic)- towards the top KP

Most are bioluminescent (produce light)- used to attract others to form large swarms.

Main diet of whales, seals, penguin.

Numbers of 60,000 individuals/m^3

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23
Q

What is the Classification of Fishes?

A

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

DKP-EAC

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24
Q

What are some characteristics of Vertebrates?

A

Hollow backbone (spine)- encloses and protects the nerve cord (spinal cord).

Bilaterally symmetrical

Gills, or pharyngeal slits.

A notochord.

Post-anal tail.

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25
What are the classes of fish?
Jawless Fish: Agnatha JA Cartilaginous: Condrichthyes CC Bony Fish: Osteichtyes BO
26
Majority of fish in the world are bony fish (_____).
Teleosts
27
Approx. _____ species of bony fish (which is _____ of all fishes and almost half of all vertebrates). 75-100 new species are described every year.
23,000-96%
28
More than half of all bony fish live in the ocean. Popular fish to _____, and _____ recreationally.
Eat-Sport
29
Define Bony Endoskeleton
Covered w/ muscles and skin.
30
How do fish breathe under water?
Fish receive O2 (made by plant, algae, phytoplankton) that's dissolved in water- Gasses diffuse across the lamella into and out of their blood.
31
What is the function of the bony operculum?
Protects the gills.
32
Define Ectothermic
Body temp is similar to the temp of the environment, metabolism has little to do with internal temp.
33
Define eggs.
Lay eggs that lack a shell.
34
Define Scales
Scales are made of calcium and collagen and covered by a thin layer of skin.
35
What are the types of scales?
Cycloid-Ctenoid-Ganoid-Placoid CCGP
36
Explain everything about Cycloid scales.
Smooth Edges- Overlapping Pattern C-Smooth Found in Salmon-Freshwater Carp CSF
37
Explain everything about Ctenoid scales.
Tiny spines along the border. Tenoid-Tiny Spines Found in Perch CP
38
Explain everything about Ganoid scales.
Diamond Shaped GD Found in Sturgeon- Freshwater Garfish GSG
39
Explain everything about Placoid scales.
Tiny, toothlike structures PT Found in Sharks, Rays PSR
40
How can you determine the age of fish by looking at its scales?
Counting the number of rings
41
Define Swim Bladder
A gas-filled sac above the stomach and intestine.
42
Fish can use their swim bladder to adjust their _____.
Buoyancy
43
The swim bladder compensates for the heavy _____.
Bony Skeleton
44
A fish swimming in the water expends _____ if it's _____.
Less-Neutral
45
Define Positively Buoyant
Float (pulling air INTO the swim bladder). POSTIVE-IN
46
Define Negatively Buoyant
Sink (taking air out of swim bladder).
47
What is the function of the Caudal Fin?
Provides power to move the fish forward. CF
48
What is the function of the Pelvic Fin?
Used in swimming as an aerofoil, brake, propulsor, and hovering. PH
49
What is the function of the Dorsal Fin?
Increase the lateral surface of the body during swimming, and thereby provide stability at the expense of drag. DS
50
What is the function the Pectoral Fin?
Help steer and control depth. PD
51
List some important things about Calico Bass (Kelp Bass)
Eat small fish, crustaceans, and squid B-FSC Can be found in kelp forests, shipwrecks, rocks, and pilings. BK
52
What is another name for the Garibaldi?
State Marine Fish
53
List some important things about Garibaldi
Found in Kelp Forests GK Like to graze on algae and sponges. GAS Very territorial and aggressive.
54
List some important things about Yellowfin Fish
Are found in pelagic oceans, beneath kelp forests, and offshore rigs. YK Are carnivorous. YC
55
List some important things about Dolphinfish
Pelagic Habitat Commonly known as the Mahi Mahi Can reach speeds up to 40 mph
56
List some important things about Sculpin
Benthic Habitat BS Eat small fish and crustaceans Does not have scales, but rather slimy mucous with tiny spines.
57
List some important things about California Sheephead
Males and females have different color patterns and body shapes- sexual dimorphism All sheephead are born female but most become male Wrap themselves in mucous to protect themselves from predators.
58
Define Anadromous
Born in freshwater, migrate to open ocean, and return to freshwater to spawn A-FOF
59
List some important things about Salmon
Anadromous Most die a few weeks after spawning. Change color to attract mates.
60
What are the different classes of Echinoderms?
Asteroidea-Holothuroidea-Echinoidea-Ophiurodea-Crinoidea AH-EOC
61
What are the common names of Asteroidea?
Sea Stars AS
62
What are the common names for Holothuroidea?
Sea Cucumbers HC
63
What are the common names for Echinoidea?
Sea Urchins/Sand Dollars EUD
64
What are the common nams for Ophiurodea?
Brittle Stars OB
65
What are the common names for Crinoidea?
Sea Lillies and Feather Stars CLF
66
What are some common characteristics of Echinoderms?
Spiny Skin- 5-Fold Radial Symmetry (as an adult)-Endoskeleton-Water Vascular System S5EW
67
Describe everything about 5-Fold Radial Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry as a larva No Anterior/Posterior or dorsal/ventral side; they have an oral and aboral side.
68
Describe everything about Endoskeleton
Internal Skeleton made of CaCO3 Ossicles are tiny calcified plates that make up the endoskeleton; held together w/ small muscles.
69
Describe everything about Water Vascular System
Unique to this phylum- Uses water pressure with movement, feeding, and gas exchange MFG
70
What is the path of water through a sea star to the end of a tube foot?
Madreporite-Stone Canal-Ring Canal-Radial Canal-Ampulla-Tube Foot MSR-RAT
71
List some important facts about Sea Stars.
Part of the Benthic community; they're a part of the keystone species. Predatory-- love bivalves and barnacles. Sea Star wasting disease is a threat to sea stars; so is ocean acidification. CARNIVORES
72
List some important facts about Sea Urchins
Herbivores-Eat Algea Sand Dollars found in sand. A threat is collecting, bleaching, and bottom trawling.
73
List some important facts about Cucumbers.
Feed on debris in the benthic zone. A threat to sea cucumbers is them getting eaten by humans.

Marine Science (8 decks)

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