Arthropods, Crustaceans, and Marine Fishes Flashcards
What does Arthropod mean?
Jointed Foot
Give some examples of Arthropods
Shrimp-Crab-Lobster-Barnacles A-SCLB
What are some common features of Arthropods?
Body Segmentation-Hard Exoskeleton-Jointed Appendages- Complex Sensory Organs SEAO
What are Arthropods’ specialized appendages used for?
Jaws-Egg Depositor-Walking-Piercing-Swimming JEWPS
The hard, protective skeleton of an arthropod is called a _____.
Exoskeleton
This is made of a unique chemical called _____ that is found in arthropods and _____.
Chtin-Mushrooms
What type of circulatory system to arthropods have?
Open Circulatory System AO
What are the function of an exoskeleton in Arthropods?
Protection-Points of Attachment for Muscles PA
How do Arthropods get larger?
They have to molt; completely remove their exoskeleton and make a new one.
What can be said about the senses of Arthropods?
They have well-developed senses; they can see, hear, smell, touch, and feel very well. SHSTF
Crustaceans are mostly _____.
Marine
_____ - usually underneath for breathing.
Gills
_____ - pereiopods (5 pairs)
Walking Legs (Pereio)
_____ - pleopods (5 pairs)
Swimming Legs (Pleo)
What are the mouthparts of crustaceans?
Maxillipeds and Mandibles
What are chelipeds used for?
Defense/Pinching/Crushing DPC
What does the tail of Crustaceans consist of?
Telson-Uropod TU
What is Crustacean Feeding consisted of?
Predators and Scavengers- Crabs and Lobsters PCL
Filter Feeder- Barnacles FB
Parasites- isopods (fish lice), fish barnacles PIF
CLB-IF
What is the Antennae of Crustaceans used for?
Sensing
List important things about Barnacles.
The only sessile crustacean
Attach to almost anything- slow down vessels and whales.
Shell made of CACO3
Feathery appendages called cirripeds which filter water for food.
Hermaphrodites
Cross Fertilize: extendible penis goes from one to another.
List important things about Copepods
Largest group of crustaceans.
Most abundant type of zooplankton in all of the oceans.
Eat phytoplankton.
List important things about Krill.
Shrimp-like, filter feeders.
Found in open ocean (pelagic)- towards the top KP
Most are bioluminescent (produce light)- used to attract others to form large swarms.
Main diet of whales, seals, penguin.
Numbers of 60,000 individuals/m^3
What is the Classification of Fishes?
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
DKP-EAC
What are some characteristics of Vertebrates?
Hollow backbone (spine)- encloses and protects the nerve cord (spinal cord).
Bilaterally symmetrical
Gills, or pharyngeal slits.
A notochord.
Post-anal tail.
What are the classes of fish?
Jawless Fish: Agnatha JA
Cartilaginous: Condrichthyes CC
Bony Fish: Osteichtyes BO
Majority of fish in the world are bony fish (_____).
Teleosts
Approx. _____ species of bony fish (which is _____ of all fishes and almost half of all vertebrates). 75-100 new species are described every year.
23,000-96%
More than half of all bony fish live in the ocean. Popular fish to _____, and _____ recreationally.
Eat-Sport
Define Bony Endoskeleton
Covered w/ muscles and skin.
How do fish breathe under water?
Fish receive O2 (made by plant, algae, phytoplankton) that’s dissolved in water- Gasses diffuse across the lamella into and out of their blood.
What is the function of the bony operculum?
Protects the gills.
Define Ectothermic
Body temp is similar to the temp of the environment, metabolism has little to do with internal temp.
Define eggs.
Lay eggs that lack a shell.
Define Scales
Scales are made of calcium and collagen and covered by a thin layer of skin.
What are the types of scales?
Cycloid-Ctenoid-Ganoid-Placoid CCGP
Explain everything about Cycloid scales.
Smooth Edges- Overlapping Pattern C-Smooth
Found in Salmon-Freshwater Carp CSF
Explain everything about Ctenoid scales.
Tiny spines along the border. Tenoid-Tiny Spines
Found in Perch CP
Explain everything about Ganoid scales.
Diamond Shaped GD
Found in Sturgeon- Freshwater Garfish GSG
Explain everything about Placoid scales.
Tiny, toothlike structures PT
Found in Sharks, Rays PSR
How can you determine the age of fish by looking at its scales?
Counting the number of rings
Define Swim Bladder
A gas-filled sac above the stomach and intestine.
Fish can use their swim bladder to adjust their _____.
Buoyancy
The swim bladder compensates for the heavy _____.
Bony Skeleton
A fish swimming in the water expends _____ if it’s _____.
Less-Neutral
Define Positively Buoyant
Float (pulling air INTO the swim bladder). POSTIVE-IN
Define Negatively Buoyant
Sink (taking air out of swim bladder).
What is the function of the Caudal Fin?
Provides power to move the fish forward. CF
What is the function of the Pelvic Fin?
Used in swimming as an aerofoil, brake, propulsor, and hovering. PH
What is the function of the Dorsal Fin?
Increase the lateral surface of the body during swimming, and thereby provide stability at the expense of drag. DS
What is the function the Pectoral Fin?
Help steer and control depth. PD
List some important things about Calico Bass (Kelp Bass)
Eat small fish, crustaceans, and squid B-FSC
Can be found in kelp forests, shipwrecks, rocks, and pilings. BK
What is another name for the Garibaldi?
State Marine Fish
List some important things about Garibaldi
Found in Kelp Forests GK
Like to graze on algae and sponges. GAS
Very territorial and aggressive.
List some important things about Yellowfin Fish
Are found in pelagic oceans, beneath kelp forests, and offshore rigs. YK
Are carnivorous. YC
List some important things about Dolphinfish
Pelagic Habitat
Commonly known as the Mahi Mahi
Can reach speeds up to 40 mph
List some important things about Sculpin
Benthic Habitat BS
Eat small fish and crustaceans
Does not have scales, but rather slimy mucous with tiny spines.
List some important things about California Sheephead
Males and females have different color patterns and body shapes- sexual dimorphism
All sheephead are born female but most become male
Wrap themselves in mucous to protect themselves from predators.
Define Anadromous
Born in freshwater, migrate to open ocean, and return to freshwater to spawn A-FOF
List some important things about Salmon
Anadromous
Most die a few weeks after spawning.
Change color to attract mates.
What are the different classes of Echinoderms?
Asteroidea-Holothuroidea-Echinoidea-Ophiurodea-Crinoidea AH-EOC
What are the common names of Asteroidea?
Sea Stars AS
What are the common names for Holothuroidea?
Sea Cucumbers HC
What are the common names for Echinoidea?
Sea Urchins/Sand Dollars EUD
What are the common nams for Ophiurodea?
Brittle Stars OB
What are the common names for Crinoidea?
Sea Lillies and Feather Stars CLF
What are some common characteristics of Echinoderms?
Spiny Skin- 5-Fold Radial Symmetry (as an adult)-Endoskeleton-Water Vascular System S5EW
Describe everything about 5-Fold Radial Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry as a larva
No Anterior/Posterior or dorsal/ventral side; they have an oral and aboral side.
Describe everything about Endoskeleton
Internal Skeleton made of CaCO3
Ossicles are tiny calcified plates that make up the endoskeleton; held together w/ small muscles.
Describe everything about Water Vascular System
Unique to this phylum- Uses water pressure with movement, feeding, and gas exchange MFG
What is the path of water through a sea star to the end of a tube foot?
Madreporite-Stone Canal-Ring Canal-Radial Canal-Ampulla-Tube Foot MSR-RAT
List some important facts about Sea Stars.
Part of the Benthic community; they’re a part of the keystone species.
Predatory– love bivalves and barnacles.
Sea Star wasting disease is a threat to sea stars; so is ocean acidification.
CARNIVORES
List some important facts about Sea Urchins
Herbivores-Eat Algea
Sand Dollars found in sand.
A threat is collecting, bleaching, and bottom trawling.
List some important facts about Cucumbers.
Feed on debris in the benthic zone.
A threat to sea cucumbers is them getting eaten by humans.
