Unit 5: Westward Expansion

Question 1

Manifest Destiny

Answer 1

American has the God- given destiny to westward territory

Question 2

Texas

Answer 2

State disputed between America and Mexico

Question 3

Stephan Austin

Answer 3

was an American empresario born in Virginia and raised in southeastern Missouri

Question 4

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Answer 4

was a Mexican criollo who fought to defend royalist New Spain and then for Mexican independence

Question 5

Sam Houston

Answer 5

was an American politician and soldier, best known for his role in bringing Texas into the United States as a constituent state

Question 6

Alamo

Answer 6

a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas, United States), killing all of the Texian defenders. Santa Anna’s cruelty during the battle inspired many Texians—both Texas settlers and adventurers from the United States—to join the Texian Army. Buoyed by a desire for revenge, the Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April 21, 1836, ending the revolution.

Question 7

John Tyler

Answer 7

was the tenth President of the United States. He was also, briefly, the tenth Vice President, elected to that office on the 1840 Whig ticket with William Henry Harrison

Question 8

Aroostook War

Answer 8

was a confrontation in 1838–1839 between the United States and the United Kingdom over the international boundary between the British colony of New Brunswick and the US state of Maine

Question 9

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Answer 9

was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies (i.e. the region that became Canada). Signed under John Tyler’s presidency, it resolved the Aroostook War, a nonviolent dispute over the location of the Maine–New Brunswick border. It established the border between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods, originally defined in the Treaty of Paris in 1783, reaffirmed the location of the border (at the 49th parallel) in the westward frontier up to the Rocky Mountains defined in the Treaty of 1818, defined seven crimes subject to extradition, called for a final end to the slave trade on the high seas, and agreed to shared use of the Great Lakes

Question 10

Oregon territory

Answer 10

Oregon added in 1846 under President James K. Polk

Question 11

“Fifty Four Forty or Fight”

Answer 11

An aggressive slogan adopted in the Oregon boundary dispute, a dispute over where the border between Canada and Oregon should be drawn. This was also Polk’s slogan- the Democrats’ wanted the U.S. border drawn at the 54’40” latitude. Polk settled for the 49 latitude in 1846

Question 12

James K. Polk

Answer 12

President of 1846

- “Manifest Destiny”

Question 13

Rio Grande

Answer 13

America identify TX boundary along Rio Grande

Question 14

Nueces River

Answer 14

River that Mexico claimed as the Texas-Mexico boundary, crossed by Taylor’s troops in 1846

Question 15

Mexican War

Answer 15

War between America and Mexico because of Texas territorial tension/ disputes

Question 16

Zachary Taylor

Answer 16

General Zachary Taylor sent 3,500 troops to defend TX at Nueces River if Mexico invades

Question 17

Stephan Kearney

Answer 17

was one of the foremost antebellum frontier officers of the United States Army. He is remembered for his significant contributions in the Mexican–American War, especially the conquest of California

Question 18

Winfield Scott

Answer 18

was a United States Army general and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852

Question 19

John C. Fremont

Answer 19

was an American military officer, explorer, and politician who became the first candidate of the anti-slavery Republican Party for the office of President of the United States

Question 20

California

Answer 20

Americans in CA want independence from Mexico

Question 21

Bear Flag Republic

Answer 21

was an unrecognized breakaway state that, for twenty-five days in 1846, militarily controlled the area to the north of the San Francisco Bay in the present-day state of California

Question 22

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 22

America gets CA, NM

Question 23

Mexican Cession

Answer 23

is a historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848

Question 24

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 24

In 1846 David Wilmot proposes slavery be banned in territory gained from Mexico

Question 25

Franklin Pierce

Answer 25

was the 14th President of the United States. Pierce was a northern Democrat who saw the abolitionist movement as a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation

Question 26

Ostend Manifesto

Answer 26

was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused

Question 27

Walker Expedition

Answer 27

was a British attempt to attack Quebec in 1711 in Queen Anne’s War, the North American theatre of the War of Spanish Succession

Question 28

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

Answer 28

was a treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom, negotiated in 1850 by John M. Clayton and Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, later Lord Dalling. It was negotiated in response to attempts to build the Nicaragua Canal, a canal in Nicaragua that would connect the Pacific and the Atlantic

Question 29

Gadsden Purchase - 1853

Answer 29

$10m, adds parts of NM and TX

Question 30

Great American Desert

Answer 30

was used in the 19th century to describe the western part of the Great Plains east of the Rocky Mountains in North America to about the 100th meridian

Question 31

Overland Trails

Answer 31

was a stagecoach and wagon trail in the American West during the 19th century. While portions of the route had been used by explorers and trappers since the 1820s, the Overland Trail was most heavily used in the 1860s as an alternative route to the Oregon, California, and Mormon trails through central Wyoming

Question 32

Mining frontier

Answer 32

The discovery of gold in California in 1848 did more than trigger the migration of tens of thousands of people hoping to make their fortune in the mineral‐rich West. It created a body of prospectors willing to go wherever a strike was made

Question 33

Gold rush- 1949

Answer 33

Tried to keep secret but failed

• “gold fever”
• “49ers”

Question 34

Farming frontier

Answer 34

Encourage farming on Great plains 160 acres of public free land for a family who settle 5 years. Promotions of railroad introduced hundreds of thousands of people in attempt to farm the Great Plains

Question 35

Urban frontier

Answer 35

Western cities that arose asa result of railroads, mineral wealth and farming attracted professionals and businesspersons

Question 36

Industrial technology

Answer 36

After 1840, industrialization spread rapidly into the Northeast. The new factories produced shoes, tools, and iron products

Question 37

Samuel F. B. Morse

Answer 37

Invented the electric telegraph in 1844

Question 38

Federal land grants

Answer 38

They emerged as America’s largest industry. The U.S. granted over 2 million acres of land to build the Illionois Central Railroad. It was the first federal land grant

Question 39

Foreign commerce

Answer 39

Sailing packets departed on regular schedules, whale oil was used to light lanterns, and the designs of ships were improved

Question 40

Mathew C. Perry

Answer 40

Was sent to Japan to persuade the country to open up its ports to trade with Americans

Question 41

Panic of 1857

Answer 41

Prices dropped, and there was increased unemployment in northern cities. The South was less affected since cotton prices remained high

Question 42

Homestead Act

Answer 42

encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land

Question 43

Zebulon Pike

Answer 43

was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado was renamed

Question 44

Rendezvous System

Answer 44

was an annual gathering (1825–1840) at various locations held by a fur trading company at which trappers and mountain men sold their furs and hides and replenished their supplies

Question 45

Rocky Mountain Fur Company

Answer 45

was organized in St. Louis, Missouri in 1822 by William Henry Ashley and Andrew Henry. The company became a pioneer in western exploration, most notably in the Green River Valley. The operations of other aspiring organizations like the American Fur Company would often overlap, causing a fierce rivalry. Growing competition motivated the trappers to explore and head deeper into the wilderness. This led to greater knowledge of the topography and to great reductions in the beaver populations.

Question 46

John O’ Sullivan

Answer 46

was an American columnist and editor who used the term “manifest destiny” in 1845 to promote the annexation of Texas and the Oregon Country to the United States

Question 47

Stephan Douglas

Answer 47

was an American politician from Illinois and the designer of the Kansas–Nebraska Act.

Question 48

Compromise of 1850

Answer 48

was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848)

Question 49

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 49

was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers. … Abolitionists nicknamed it the “Bloodhound Law” for the dogs that were used to track down runaway slaves

Question 50

Millard Fillmore

Answer 50

was the 13th President of the United States, the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House

Question 51

Know-Nothing’s

Answer 51

also known as the American Party, was a prominent United States political party during the late 1840s and the early 1850s. The American Party originated in 1849. Its members strongly opposed immigrants and followers of the Catholic Church

Question 52

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 52

was an American abolitionist and author. She came from the Beecher family, a famous religious family, and is best known for her novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions for enslaved African Americans

Question 53

Franklin Pierce

Answer 53

was the 14th President of the United States. Pierce was a northern Democrat who saw the abolitionist movement as a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation

Question 54

Henry David Thoreau

Answer 54

was an American essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian

Question 55

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 55

was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´

Question 56

Walt Whitman

Answer 56

was an American poet, essayist, and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works

Question 57

James Buchanan

Answer 57

was the 15th President of the United States, serving immediately prior to the American Civil War

Question 58

Panic of 1857

Answer 58

was a financial panic in the United States caused by the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy

Question 59

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Answer 59

also known simply as the Dred Scott case, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on US labor law and constitutional law. It held that “a negro, whose ancestors were imported into [the U.S.], and sold as slaves”,[2][3] whether enslaved or free, could not be an American citizen and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court,[4][5] and that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States. Dred Scott, an enslaved man of “the negro African race”[6] who had been taken by his owners to free states and territories, attempted to sue for his freedom. In a 7–2 decision written by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, the court denied Scott’s request

Question 60

Lecompton Constitution

Answer 60

the second constitution drafted for Kansas Territory, was written by proslavery supporters. The document permitted slavery (Article VII), excluded free blacks from living in Kansas, and allowed only male citizens of the United States to vote

Question 61

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Answer 61

were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for the United States Senate from Illinois, and incumbent Senator Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate. At the time, U.S. senators were elected by state legislatures; thus Lincoln and Douglas were trying for their respective parties to win control of the Illinois legislature. The debates previewed the issues that Lincoln would face in the aftermath of his victory in the 1860 presidential election. Although Illinois was a free state, the main issue discussed in all seven debates was slavery in the United States

Question 62

John Brown

Answer 62

was an American abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States

Question 63

Election of 1860

Answer 63

Republican Abraham Lincoln defeated Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell