Unit 4: Nationalism and Economic Development Flashcards
Era of Good Feelings
John Quincy Adams
- Rush-Bagot Agreement
- Convention of 1818
- Transcontinental Treaty of 1819
- Monroe Doctrine
Wanted to develop nation and move west
Sectionalism
is loyalty to the interests of one’s own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole. It is often a precursor to separatism
James Monroe
was an American statesman who served from 1817 to 1825 as the fifth President of the United States
Nationalism
patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts
Tariff of 1816 (Protective Tariff)
Protectionists in Congress passed a tariff law: limited competition from abroad
Henry Clay
- Speaker of the House
- Republican
Went versus Jackson in 1834 election and lost
American System
This “System” consisted of three mutually reenforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other “internal improvements” to develop profitable markets for agriculture.
Second Bank of the US
• Funding corporations= surrounded/ wrapped around economy
Jackson was against this
- Panic of 1819= Depression
- Destroyed economy
- charter expired–> bank closed–> Jackson won
Panic of 1819
- Western lands in high demand, esp. where cotton grew well
- Bought land on credit, many small banks made irresponsible loans
- 2nd Bank of the US forced smaller banks to call the loans
- -> affected (poor) farmers
- -> anger fueled Jacksons campaign
Fletcher v. Peck
a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in which the Supreme Court first ruled a state law unconstitutional
McCulloch v. Maryland
The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
was a landmark decision in United States corporate law from the United States Supreme Court dealing with the application of the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations
Gibbons v. Ogden
was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation
Implied powers
This “Necessary and Proper Clause” (sometimes also called the “Elastic Clause”) grants Congress a set of so-called implied powers—that is, powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I
Tallmadge Amendment
was a proposed amendment to a bill requesting the Territory of Missouri to be admitted to the Union as a free state. This amendment was submitted on February 13, 1819, by James Tallmadge, Jr., a Democratic-Republican from New York, and Charles Baumgardner
Missouri Compromise 1820
- Maine admitted as a free state
- Missouri becomes a slave state
- No slavery north of 36’30” line
Rush-Bagot Agreement
was a treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, following the War of 1812
Treaty of 1818
was an international treaty signed in 1818 between those parties. Signed during the presidency of James Monroe, it resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations. The treaty allowed for joint occupation and settlement of the Oregon Country, known to the British and in Canadian history as the Columbia District of the Hudson’s Bay Company, and including the southern portion of its sister district New Caledonia
Florida Purchase Treaty 1819
was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain
Monroe Doctrine
was a U.S. policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to take control of any independent state in North or South America would be viewed as “the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States
Lancaster Turnpike
the first long-distance paved road built in the United States
National Road 1811-1818
Cumberland, MD to Ohio River
Erie Canal
a canal in New York that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System. Originally, it ran about 363 miles from Albany, on the Hudson River, to Buffalo, at Lake Erie
Robert Fulton
was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Claremon
Eli Whitney
Invented cotton gin
- meant to help the slaves work be easier but made slave trade worse and the increase of slaves to work the gin to make more money for planters
Cotton gin
Invented by Eli Whitney
- meant to make slave work easier
Samuel Slater
Apprenticed in cutting edge, British cotton spinning factory
- memorized technology designs, snuck away to US and copied
- considered America’s beginning of industrialization
- employed women and children–> “family mills”
Factory System
a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labour
Lowell System
All processes in same building (no putting out)
- very profitable, put many smaller mills out of business
Textile mill
a manufacturing facility where textiles, or types of cloth, are produced or processed into finished products, such as clothing
Specialization
when people, businesses, regions, and/or nations concentrate on goods and services that they can produce better than anyone else
Market Revolution
a term used by historians to describe the expansion of the marketplace that occurred in early nineteenth-century America, prompted mainly by the construction of new roads and canals to connect distant communities together for the first time.
Industrial Revolution
was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840
Urbanization
population shift from rural to urban areas, “the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas”, and the ways in which each society adapts to the change
Cyrus McCormick
was an American inventor and businessperson, the founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which later became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902
John Deere
founder of john deere and company the biggest manufacture of agricultural equipment in the world. he was an american blacksmith and invented the steel plow
King Cotton
- 1830: sold 720,000 bales
- 1850: sold 2.85 million bales
- 1860: sold 5 million bales
Henry Hammomd: Cottom is King
Peculiar institution
was a euphemism for slavery and its economic ramifications in the American South. “Peculiar”, in this expression, means “one’s own”, that is, it refers to something distinctive to or characteristic of a particular place or people
Denmark Vesey
was a literate, skilled carpenter and leader among African Americans in Charleston, South Carolina. He is notable as the accused and convicted ringleader of “the rising,” a major potential slave revolt planned for the city in June 1822; he was executed. Likely born into slavery in St. Thomas, he served a master in Bermuda for some time before being brought to Charleston, where he gained his freedom
Nat Turner
Had visions from God to revolt. An eclipse occurred and he took it as a sign of God to say it’s time. They attached their owner’s family and moved to other plantations. In the end they were put down by local militia. Nat Turner hid in the woods for 30 days then caught and hanged.
Slave Codes
were state laws established to determine the status of slaves and the rights of their owners. Slave codes placed harsh restrictions on slaves’ already limited freedoms, often in order to preempt rebellion or escape, and gave slave owners absolute power over their slaves
Mountain men
Men hired by eastern companies to trap animals for fur in the Rocky Mountains and other regions of the US. Later became trailblazers and guides
Indian Removal Act “Trail of Tears”
Jackson moved N.A. west of the Mississippi River
(Supreme Court supported Cherokees right to stay)
- Cherokee attempted assimilation still did not change the mind of Jackson
