Unit 4: Nationalism and Economic Development

Question 1

Era of Good Feelings

Answer 1

John Quincy Adams

• Rush-Bagot Agreement
• Convention of 1818
• Transcontinental Treaty of 1819
• Monroe Doctrine

Wanted to develop nation and move west

Question 2

Sectionalism

Answer 2

is loyalty to the interests of one’s own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole. It is often a precursor to separatism

Question 3

James Monroe

Answer 3

was an American statesman who served from 1817 to 1825 as the fifth President of the United States

Question 4

Nationalism

Answer 4

patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts

Question 5

Tariff of 1816 (Protective Tariff)

Answer 5

Protectionists in Congress passed a tariff law: limited competition from abroad

Question 6

Henry Clay

Answer 6

• Speaker of the House
• Republican

Went versus Jackson in 1834 election and lost

Question 7

American System

Answer 7

This “System” consisted of three mutually reenforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other “internal improvements” to develop profitable markets for agriculture.

Question 8

Second Bank of the US

Answer 8

• Funding corporations= surrounded/ wrapped around economy

Jackson was against this

• Panic of 1819= Depression
• Destroyed economy
• charter expired–> bank closed–> Jackson won

Question 9

Panic of 1819

Answer 9

• Western lands in high demand, esp. where cotton grew well
• Bought land on credit, many small banks made irresponsible loans
• 2nd Bank of the US forced smaller banks to call the loans
• -> affected (poor) farmers
• -> anger fueled Jacksons campaign

Question 10

Fletcher v. Peck

Answer 10

a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in which the Supreme Court first ruled a state law unconstitutional

Question 11

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 11

The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland

Question 12

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Answer 12

was a landmark decision in United States corporate law from the United States Supreme Court dealing with the application of the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations

Question 13

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 13

was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation

Question 14

Implied powers

Answer 14

This “Necessary and Proper Clause” (sometimes also called the “Elastic Clause”) grants Congress a set of so-called implied powers—that is, powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I

Question 15

Tallmadge Amendment

Answer 15

was a proposed amendment to a bill requesting the Territory of Missouri to be admitted to the Union as a free state. This amendment was submitted on February 13, 1819, by James Tallmadge, Jr., a Democratic-Republican from New York, and Charles Baumgardner

Question 16

Missouri Compromise 1820

Answer 16

• Maine admitted as a free state
• Missouri becomes a slave state
• No slavery north of 36’30” line

Question 17

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Answer 17

was a treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, following the War of 1812

Question 18

Treaty of 1818

Answer 18

was an international treaty signed in 1818 between those parties. Signed during the presidency of James Monroe, it resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations. The treaty allowed for joint occupation and settlement of the Oregon Country, known to the British and in Canadian history as the Columbia District of the Hudson’s Bay Company, and including the southern portion of its sister district New Caledonia

Question 19

Florida Purchase Treaty 1819

Answer 19

was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain

Question 20

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 20

was a U.S. policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to take control of any independent state in North or South America would be viewed as “the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States

Question 21

Lancaster Turnpike

Answer 21

the first long-distance paved road built in the United States

Question 22

National Road 1811-1818

Answer 22

Cumberland, MD to Ohio River

Question 23

Erie Canal

Answer 23

a canal in New York that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System. Originally, it ran about 363 miles from Albany, on the Hudson River, to Buffalo, at Lake Erie

Question 24

Robert Fulton

Answer 24

was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Claremon

Question 25

Eli Whitney

Answer 25

Invented cotton gin
- meant to help the slaves work be easier but made slave trade worse and the increase of slaves to work the gin to make more money for planters

Question 26

Cotton gin

Answer 26

Invented by Eli Whitney

- meant to make slave work easier

Question 27

Samuel Slater

Answer 27

Apprenticed in cutting edge, British cotton spinning factory

• memorized technology designs, snuck away to US and copied
• considered America’s beginning of industrialization
• employed women and children–> “family mills”

Question 28

Factory System

Answer 28

a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labour

Question 29

Lowell System

Answer 29

All processes in same building (no putting out)

• very profitable, put many smaller mills out of business

Question 30

Textile mill

Answer 30

a manufacturing facility where textiles, or types of cloth, are produced or processed into finished products, such as clothing

Question 31

Specialization

Answer 31

when people, businesses, regions, and/or nations concentrate on goods and services that they can produce better than anyone else

Question 32

Market Revolution

Answer 32

a term used by historians to describe the expansion of the marketplace that occurred in early nineteenth-century America, prompted mainly by the construction of new roads and canals to connect distant communities together for the first time.

Question 33

Industrial Revolution

Answer 33

was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840

Question 34

Urbanization

Answer 34

population shift from rural to urban areas, “the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas”, and the ways in which each society adapts to the change

Question 35

Cyrus McCormick

Answer 35

was an American inventor and businessperson, the founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which later became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902

Question 36

John Deere

Answer 36

founder of john deere and company the biggest manufacture of agricultural equipment in the world. he was an american blacksmith and invented the steel plow

Question 37

King Cotton

Answer 37

• 1830: sold 720,000 bales
• 1850: sold 2.85 million bales
• 1860: sold 5 million bales

Henry Hammomd: Cottom is King

Question 38

Peculiar institution

Answer 38

was a euphemism for slavery and its economic ramifications in the American South. “Peculiar”, in this expression, means “one’s own”, that is, it refers to something distinctive to or characteristic of a particular place or people

Question 39

Denmark Vesey

Answer 39

was a literate, skilled carpenter and leader among African Americans in Charleston, South Carolina. He is notable as the accused and convicted ringleader of “the rising,” a major potential slave revolt planned for the city in June 1822; he was executed. Likely born into slavery in St. Thomas, he served a master in Bermuda for some time before being brought to Charleston, where he gained his freedom

Question 40

Nat Turner

Answer 40

Had visions from God to revolt. An eclipse occurred and he took it as a sign of God to say it’s time. They attached their owner’s family and moved to other plantations. In the end they were put down by local militia. Nat Turner hid in the woods for 30 days then caught and hanged.

Question 41

Slave Codes

Answer 41

were state laws established to determine the status of slaves and the rights of their owners. Slave codes placed harsh restrictions on slaves’ already limited freedoms, often in order to preempt rebellion or escape, and gave slave owners absolute power over their slaves

Question 42

Mountain men

Answer 42

Men hired by eastern companies to trap animals for fur in the Rocky Mountains and other regions of the US. Later became trailblazers and guides

Question 43

Indian Removal Act “Trail of Tears”

Answer 43

Jackson moved N.A. west of the Mississippi River

(Supreme Court supported Cherokees right to stay)

• Cherokee attempted assimilation still did not change the mind of Jackson