Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology > Unit 5 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 5 Vocabulary Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genetic variation leads to –>

A

wider range of environments for the offspring to survive and adapt in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diploid

A

cells have 2 sets of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Haploid

A

cells have 1 set of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Meiosis

A

diploid parental cell divides twice to make 4 haploid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Products of Meiosis

A

4 unique daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

autosomes

A

all other non-sex chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In humans there are ____ PAIR/S of autosomes and ____ PAIR/S of sex chromosomes

A

22
1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

chromosomes similar in size, shape, carry the same genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Karyotype

A

Condensed pairs of chromosomes displayed visually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Non-sister chromatids

A

chromatids not connected by a centromere but part of a homologous pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Synapsis

A

homologous chromosomes line up next to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Synapsis Exception

A

XY sex chromosomes attach at the tips to go through synapsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phases of meiosis that introduce genetic variation into gamete formation (2) and how

A

Prophase 1: crossing over –> unique chromosomes
Anaphase 1: distribution of maternal + paternal homologs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Final products of mitosis

A

2 diploid
clone daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Final products of meiosis

A

4 haploid gametes
unique daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Relationship between gametes and zygotes

A

zygote: diploid cell formed by fusion of 2 gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 sources of genetic diversity by sexual reproduction

A

Crossing over
Random assortment of chromosomes
random fertilization of egg by sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 examples of conserved molecules

A

DNA
Ribosomes
Cell Membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 examples of conserved processes

A

Cell Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cell division/signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Blending hypothesis

A

believed that traits found in offspring were a medium of both the parents traits

21
Q

Alleles

A

different versions of a DNA sequence

22
Q

Monohybrid cross

A

cross of two individuals with homozygous genotypes

23
Q

Law of segregation

A

half the daughter cells receive maternal allele/s for a trait while half receive the paternal ones

24
Q

Addition Rule of probability

A

A (A OR B)

25
Q

Multiplication rule of probability

A

A(B AND C)

26
Q

Chi-square test
If difference between observed and expected is more than the chi-critical value

A

reject null hypothesis

27
Q

Chi-square test
If difference between observed and expected is less than the chi-critical value

A

fail to reject null hypothesis

28
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.

29
Q

Codominance

A

both alleles are expressed resulting in different phenotype
(example: red and white flower codominance –> pink flower)

30
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

the alleles for one gene sort independently of the alleles for a different gene

31
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

hybrid individuals differ in 2 traits coded by 2 different genes

32
Q

Pedigree
Dominant traits

A

Every generation
Equally male and female

33
Q

Pedigree
Recessive traits

A

Skips generations

34
Q

Incomplete penetrance

A

when individuals code for a phenotype but fail to exhibit it

35
Q

Variable expressivity

A

when phenotype is expressed in all individuals but different among each individual

36
Q

Epistasis

A

when on gene modifies the expression of another gene

37
Q

Linked genes

A

located near each other in same chromosome

38
Q

Recombination

A

creation of new combinations of alleles in a chromosome by crossing over

39
Q

Phenotypic plasticity

A

ability of a single genotype to produced different phenotypes in different environments

40
Q

Identical twins

A

fertilized egg divides into two identical embryos

41
Q

Fraternal twins

A

two eggs fertilized by different sperms

42
Q

Mutation

A

change in DNA sequence that can alter order of amino acids that compromise the protein the DNA codes

43
Q

Nondisjunction

A

failure of chromosomes to separate during cell division

44
Q

Nondisjunction in Meiosis 1

A

results in gametes with an extra chromosome and gametes with missing chromosome

45
Q

Nondisjunction in Meiosis 2

A

one set of gametes includes one with missing chromosome and one with an extra chromosome

46
Q

Turner syndrome

A

X

47
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

XXY

48
Q

What trisomies do not lead to phenotypic changes

A

XXX and XYY

AP Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions