Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards
Pastoral Nomadism
Relying on animals, moves with the herd
Shifting Cultivation
Grow crops on a piece of land for one to two years then switches fields
Market Gardening
Products grown close to a city and sold to local suppliers
Plantation Agriculture
Commercial farming that focuses on growing one crop
Mixed crop and livestock farming
Raises animals and crops that will often be used to help each other
Linear settlement
Settlements along a line
Dispersed settlement
Spead out settlements
Clustered settlement
Close together settlements
Metes and bounds system
Uses local geographical features and
directions to define boundaries of land
Township and range system
land divided by in evenly
distributed rectangular shapes
Long lot system
Farmers divided into long, skinny strips of land
Extensive farming
A small number of resources and tools used on a larger piece of land
Intensive farming
A large number of resources and tools used on a smaller piece of land to extract the most benefit as possible
Colombian exchange
Movement of plants and animals between Africa, Europe, Asia and the Americas
Second agriculture revolution
Began in 1700’s
Industrial Revolution led to increasing food supplies and
population growth
Increase and improvements in machines helped to meet demands
of growing population
Green revolution
Third Agricultural Revolution
Occurred in 20th
century
Advancements in
science and technology
Monocropping
the practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land
Monoculture
Different crops grown on land once a year each
Bid rent theory
geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district increases
Economies of scale
a proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production
Von Thünen model
economic model that explains how and what types of products farmers would grow and sell based on Transportation, Land costs, Type of intensity needed for land, and Product perishability
Supply chain
the sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity
Desertification
Reduction of activity or production on land that is usually dry
Slash and burn
relating to or denoting a method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown, typically used as a method for clearing forest land for farming
Agriculture soil
Fertile soil
Salinization
the increase of salt concentration in soil
Deforestation
Cutting down a large group of trees
GMO’s
Genetically modified organisms
Value added, specialty crop
plants that are intensively cultivated
Food security
the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food
Food desert
an urban area in which it is difficult to buy affordable or good-quality fresh food
Substenance agriculture
Focus on supplying enough product for immediate family members
