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Human Biology > Unit 5 Test: Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 5 Test: Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The CNS is composed of the _________ and __________ __________.

A

Brain, spinal cord

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2
Q

The PNS included the ________ _________, _________ _________ and __________.

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

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3
Q

What are the three general functions of the nervous system?

A

1) sensory (collecting info)
2) integrative (processing, evaluating)
3) motor (responding)

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4
Q

Functionally, the nervous system is divided into the ___________ nervous system and the __________ nervous system.

A

Sensory, motor

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5
Q

What is the sensory nervous system made out of and what does it do?

A

Receptors, transmits to CNS

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6
Q

Motor nervous system?

A

From CNS to rest of body

Motor info to effectors

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7
Q

Where is the somatic sensory?

A 
Skin
Fascia
Joints
Muscle
Senses (pain, touch, temp, pressure)
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8
Q

Where is the visceral sensory?

A

Internal organs

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9
Q

Where is the somatic motor?

A

Voluntary skeletal mm

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10
Q

Where is the autonomic motor?

A

Involuntary, cardiac and smooth mm

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11
Q

The basic structural unit of the nervous system is the

A

Neuron

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12
Q

Distinguish between dendrites and axons.

A

Dendrites: shorter and smaller, often more than 1 on a neuron, receive input

Axon: longer, usually one on a neuron, conducts impulse away from neuron

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13
Q

What is the function of the sensory?

A

Transmit impulses from sensory nerves to CNS

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14
Q

What is the location of the sensory nerves?

A

Touch, pressure, heat, light, chemical

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15
Q

What is the function of the motor nerves?

A

Transmit impulses from CNS to mm or glands to elicit a response

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16
Q

Where is the location of the motor nerves?

A

Spinal cord, axons in cranial and spinal nerves

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17
Q

What is the function of the inter neurons?

A

Integrative fxn —> retrieve, process, store info and decide how to react to stimuli

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18
Q

What are the inter neurons located?

A

Within the CNS

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19
Q

What is the importance of the blood brain barrier?

A

Protects brain from toxins, allows nutrients to pass

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20
Q

Characteristics of pia mater?

A

Thin layer, contains nerves and blood vessels

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21
Q

Location of the pia mater?

A

Innermost (closest to brain)

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22
Q

Characteristics of the arachnoid mater?

A

Thin and web like

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23
Q

Location of the arachnoid mater?

A

Middle layer

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24
Q

Characteristics of the dura mater?

A

Tough, dense, contains nerves and blood vessels

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25
Q

Location of the dura mater?

A

Outermost layer (next to cranium)

26
Q

Characteristics of brain ventricles?

A

Spaces with CSF

continuous with one another and central canal of spinal cord

27
Q

Location of brain ventricles?

A

2 in cerebrum

28
Q

Characteristics of CSF?

A

Clear, colorless liquid, buoyancy, protection, nutrients, removes waste —> blood

29
Q

Location of CSF?

A

Circulates in ventricles and sub-arachnoid space

30
Q

Characteristics of the blood-brain barrier?

A

Keeps neurons from being exposed to drugs, waste, hormones

31
Q

Location of blood brain barrier?

A

Capillaries

32
Q

What are some molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier?

A

Lipid soluble molecules like nicotine, alcohol, some anesthetics

33
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

Complex thought and intellectual functions

Sensory perception, thought, memory, judgment, voluntary motor, visual and auditory

34
Q

The outer layer of the cerebrum is the _________ _________ and is composed of _________ ___________.

A

Cerebral cortex, gray matter

35
Q

The inner layer of the cerebrum is composed of ________ __________.

A

White matter

36
Q

The bridge that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum is the __________ ___________.

A

Corpus callosum

37
Q

The function of the motor (nonfunctional)

A

Control voluntary skeletal mm activity

38
Q

Location of nonfunctional motor

A

Frontal lobe

39
Q

Function of nonfunctional sensory

A

Touch, pressure, pain, temp, visual, auditory, sight, sound, taste, smell, olfactory

40
Q

Location of sensory nonfunctional

A

Parietal, temporal, occipital lobes

41
Q

Function of association

A

Interprets and coordinates motor and sensory info—learning, association

42
Q

Location of the association

A

Motor–frontal

Sensory–parietal

43
Q

Function of higher-order processing

A

Extremely complex motor activity or complicated analytical functions, speech, cognition, spatial relationships, general interpretation

44
Q

Location of higher-order processing

A

Both cerebral hemispheres

45
Q

Describe the location of the diencephalon.

A

Between the cerebral hemispheres

46
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Sensory relay station

47
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Regulates body temp, water and electrolyte balance, control of hunger and body weight, some
Hormones

48
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

Auditory and visual reflexes

49
Q

Function of the pons?

A

Relays sensory impulses from peripheral nerves to the brain

50
Q

Function of the medulla oblongata?

A

Controls vital visceral activities

Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing

51
Q

Summarize the function of the cerebellum.

A

Balance and coordination

52
Q

Cranial nerves are part of the ______ and are numbered according to their position.

A

CNS

53
Q

The spinal cord can be subdivided into the ________, _________, __________, ___________, and _________ parts.

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

54
Q

The spinal cord officially ends with the conus medulla dos at the level of the __________, but groups of axons project inferiority from the spinal cord.

A

1st lumbar vertebra

55
Q

How are spinal nerves names?

A

By the vertebra they arise from

56
Q

The somatic nervous system operates under our ___________ _________, while the Autonomic nervous system functions are ____________.

A

Conscious control, involuntary

57
Q

The effectors for the ANS are

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

58
Q

What is the sympathetic division of the ANS?

A

Gears up for “fight or flight”

Increases alertness and metabolic

59
Q

What is the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

A

Conserving energy, replenishing nutrient stores

“Rest and digest”

60
Q

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ nervous system and the _____________ nervous system.

A

Central, peripheral

Human Biology (10 decks)

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