Unit 5 Test: Nervous System Flashcards
The CNS is composed of the _________ and __________ __________.
Brain, spinal cord
The PNS included the ________ _________, _________ _________ and __________.
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia
What are the three general functions of the nervous system?
1) sensory (collecting info)
2) integrative (processing, evaluating)
3) motor (responding)
Functionally, the nervous system is divided into the ___________ nervous system and the __________ nervous system.
Sensory, motor
What is the sensory nervous system made out of and what does it do?
Receptors, transmits to CNS
Motor nervous system?
From CNS to rest of body
Motor info to effectors
Where is the somatic sensory?
Skin Fascia Joints Muscle Senses (pain, touch, temp, pressure)
Where is the visceral sensory?
Internal organs
Where is the somatic motor?
Voluntary skeletal mm
Where is the autonomic motor?
Involuntary, cardiac and smooth mm
The basic structural unit of the nervous system is the
Neuron
Distinguish between dendrites and axons.
Dendrites: shorter and smaller, often more than 1 on a neuron, receive input
Axon: longer, usually one on a neuron, conducts impulse away from neuron
What is the function of the sensory?
Transmit impulses from sensory nerves to CNS
What is the location of the sensory nerves?
Touch, pressure, heat, light, chemical
What is the function of the motor nerves?
Transmit impulses from CNS to mm or glands to elicit a response
Where is the location of the motor nerves?
Spinal cord, axons in cranial and spinal nerves
What is the function of the inter neurons?
Integrative fxn —> retrieve, process, store info and decide how to react to stimuli
What are the inter neurons located?
Within the CNS
What is the importance of the blood brain barrier?
Protects brain from toxins, allows nutrients to pass
Characteristics of pia mater?
Thin layer, contains nerves and blood vessels
Location of the pia mater?
Innermost (closest to brain)
Characteristics of the arachnoid mater?
Thin and web like
Location of the arachnoid mater?
Middle layer
Characteristics of the dura mater?
Tough, dense, contains nerves and blood vessels
Location of the dura mater?
Outermost layer (next to cranium)
Characteristics of brain ventricles?
Spaces with CSF
continuous with one another and central canal of spinal cord
Location of brain ventricles?
2 in cerebrum
Characteristics of CSF?
Clear, colorless liquid, buoyancy, protection, nutrients, removes waste —> blood
Location of CSF?
Circulates in ventricles and sub-arachnoid space
Characteristics of the blood-brain barrier?
Keeps neurons from being exposed to drugs, waste, hormones
Location of blood brain barrier?
Capillaries
What are some molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier?
Lipid soluble molecules like nicotine, alcohol, some anesthetics
What is the function of the cerebrum?
Complex thought and intellectual functions
Sensory perception, thought, memory, judgment, voluntary motor, visual and auditory
The outer layer of the cerebrum is the _________ _________ and is composed of _________ ___________.
Cerebral cortex, gray matter
The inner layer of the cerebrum is composed of ________ __________.
White matter
The bridge that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum is the __________ ___________.
Corpus callosum
The function of the motor (nonfunctional)
Control voluntary skeletal mm activity
Location of nonfunctional motor
Frontal lobe
Function of nonfunctional sensory
Touch, pressure, pain, temp, visual, auditory, sight, sound, taste, smell, olfactory
Location of sensory nonfunctional
Parietal, temporal, occipital lobes
Function of association
Interprets and coordinates motor and sensory info—learning, association
Location of the association
Motor–frontal
Sensory–parietal
Function of higher-order processing
Extremely complex motor activity or complicated analytical functions, speech, cognition, spatial relationships, general interpretation
Location of higher-order processing
Both cerebral hemispheres
Describe the location of the diencephalon.
Between the cerebral hemispheres
What is the function of the thalamus?
Sensory relay station
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Regulates body temp, water and electrolyte balance, control of hunger and body weight, some
Hormones
What is the function of the midbrain?
Auditory and visual reflexes
Function of the pons?
Relays sensory impulses from peripheral nerves to the brain
Function of the medulla oblongata?
Controls vital visceral activities
Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing
Summarize the function of the cerebellum.
Balance and coordination
Cranial nerves are part of the ______ and are numbered according to their position.
CNS
The spinal cord can be subdivided into the ________, _________, __________, ___________, and _________ parts.
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
The spinal cord officially ends with the conus medulla dos at the level of the __________, but groups of axons project inferiority from the spinal cord.
1st lumbar vertebra
How are spinal nerves names?
By the vertebra they arise from
The somatic nervous system operates under our ___________ _________, while the Autonomic nervous system functions are ____________.
Conscious control, involuntary
The effectors for the ANS are
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
What is the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Gears up for “fight or flight”
Increases alertness and metabolic
What is the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
Conserving energy, replenishing nutrient stores
“Rest and digest”
The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ nervous system and the _____________ nervous system.
Central, peripheral
