Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Which artery is felt when taking the pulse at the neck?
Carotid
What causes the characteristic heart sounds that you hear through a stethoscope?
1st sound= tricuspid and bicuspid valves closing
2nd sound= pulmonary and aortic valve closing
What causes heart murmurs?
Abnormal heart valves
When you get your blood pressure taken, there are two numbers recorded. What are those two numbers and what do they represent?
Top number= systolic= pressure in arteries when heart contracts
Bottom number= diastolic= pressure in arteries between contractions
Describe the function of the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles.
“Heart strings”
The contract to close the valves
List in order the major blood vessels, chambers, and valves through which blood must pass in traveling from the vena cava to the aorta.
Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, biscuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta
What is the difference between systole and diastole?
Systole= contract= push blood out Diastole= relax= let blood in
Through a stethoscope, your heart makes a “Lubb-dupp” sound. What is happening in your heart during the “Lubb” sound? The “dupp” sound?
Lubb= closing of AV valves
Dupp= closing of pulmonary and aortic valves ("semilunar" valves)Describe what is happening in the sinoatrial node (SA node) during one cardiac cycle.
“Pacemaker”, located near vena cava, initial impulses
Describe what is happening in the atrioventricular node (AV node) during one cardiac cycle.
Located between right atrium and ventricle, contracts atria
Describe what is happening in the AV bundle during one cardiac cycle.
Located in septum between ventricles, branches to left and right ventricles
Describe what is happening in the purkinje fibers doing one cardiac cycle
Project inward into ventricles, stimulates ventricular walls to contract
What is the main part of your brain that controls the cardiac cycle?
Medulla oblongata
Electrocardiograms can be broken down into P,Q,R,S and T portions. Describe what is happening in the P Wave.
Contraction of atria
Describe what is happening in the QRS complex.
Contraction of ventricles
Describe what is happening in the T wave.
Ventricular repolarization
Name the types of vessels that blood flows through in order starting at the aorta and ending at the vena cava.
Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava
How is blood pressure different in arteries vs. veins and why?
Higher blood pressure in arteries because it has just left the heart
Tunica interna
Innermost layer, smooth surface
Tunica media
Middle layer, smooth mm, largest part
Tunica externa
Outer layer, attaches to surrounding tissues
Arteries vs Veins
Arteries: thicker tunica media, smaller lumen, no valves
Veins: thinner tunica media, larger lumen, may contain valves
Compare vasoconstriction vs. vasodilation.
Vasoconstriction: contraction of vessel
Vasodilation: relaxation of vessel
What controls blood flow and blood pressure?
Nerve impulses stimulate blood flow and pressure
Describe the structure and function of capillaries.
Smallest diameter vessel
Connect arterioles to venules
Contain no muscle, only endothelium
Exchanges gas, nutrients and metabolic biproducts
Which tissues tend to have higher densities of capillaries?
Tissues that use a lot of oxygen
Ex: muscles
Describe the path of blood through the pulmonary circuit. Include major veins and arteries.
Pulmonary circuit= carry blood from heart to lungs and back
Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, arterioles, capillaries, gas exchange, venules, pulmonary vein, left atrium
Describe the path of blood through the systemic circuit. Include major veins and arteries.
Systemic circuit= carry blood from heart to rest of the body and back
Left ventricle, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava
What 3 arteries branch off from the arch of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic artery
Carotid artery
Subclavian artery
What part of the body does the carotid artery supply blood to?
Brain
What part of the body does the subclavian artery supply blood to?
Upper limbs
What part of the body does the common iliac artery supply blood to?
Hip, lower limb
What part of the body does the femoral artery supply blood to?
Lower limb
What part of the body does the jugular vein supply blood to?
Brain
What part of the body does the common iliac vein supply blood to?
Hip, lower limb
What part of the body does the femoral vein supply blood to?
Lower limb
What part of the body does the greater saphenous vein supply blood to?
Lower limb
A blood type. Antigen A? Antigen B? Antibody anti-A? Antibody anti-B?
Yes
No
No
Yes
B blood type. Antigen A? Antigen B? Antibody anti-A? Antibody anti-B?
No
Yes
Yes
No
AB blood type. Antigen A? Antigen B? Antibody anti-A? Antibody anti-B?
Yes
Yes
No
No
O blood type. Antigen A? Antigen B? Antibody anti-A? Antibody anti-B?
No
No
Yes
Yes
A person with which blood type is the universal donor? Why?
O because their blood does not produce ABO antigens
A person with which blood type is a universal receiver? Why?
AB because their blood does not produce ABO antibodies.
What artery is felt when taking the pulse at the wrist?
Radial
