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Human Biology > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

System? Function of system?

Bones, cartilage, ligaments

A 
Skeletal
Provides points of attachment for muscles
Protects soft tissue 
House blood producing cells
Passageways for blood vessels and nerves
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2
Q

System? Function of system?

Muscles

A 
Muscular
Movement
Maintaining posture
Support
Storage of materials 
Temperature regulation
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3
Q

System? Function of system?

Brain, nerves, spinal cord, sense organs

A 
Nervous;
Feeling
Thinking
Remembering
Moving
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4
Q

System? Function of system?

Pituitary, adrenal glands, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes, parathyroid, pineal gland, thymus gland

A

Endocrine;

Regulating functions of maintain homeostasis

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5
Q

System? Function of system?

Lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen

A

Lymphatic;

Transports fluids

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6
Q

System? Function of system?

Mouth, pharynx, liver, large intestine, teeth, tongue, esophagus

A

Digestive;

Breaking down food and absorbing nutrients

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7
Q

System? Function of system?

Nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs

A

Respiratory;

Obtaining oxygen and removing CO2

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8
Q

System? Function of system?

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder

A

Urinary;
Removes wastes
Regulates Ph and fluids

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9
Q

System? Function of system?

Scrotum, vasa differentia, penis

A

Male reproductive;
Produce/maintain sperm
Secrete make sex hormones

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10
Q

System? Function of system?

Ovaries, vagina, uterine tubes, clitoris

A

Female reproductive;
Produce/maintain/support eggs
Produce female sex hormones

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11
Q

Above another part

A

Superior

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12
Q

Below another part

A

Inferior

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13
Q

Back

A

Dorsal

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14
Q

Front

A

Central

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15
Q

Middle

A

Medial

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16
Q

Sides

A

Lateral

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17
Q

Closer to point of attachment

A

Proximal

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18
Q

Further from point of attachment

A

Distal

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19
Q

End of bone

A

Epiphysis

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20
Q

Reduce weight and subject to forces

A

Spongy bone

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21
Q

Middle of bone

A

Diaphysis

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22
Q

Tightly packed tissue, no gaps

A

Compact bone

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23
Q

Hollow chamber in center of bone

A

Medullary cavity

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24
Q

Outer connective layer around bone

A

Periosteum

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25
Q

Non movable joint

A

Fibrous

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26
Q

Slight give on impact, not much motion

A

Cartilaginous

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27
Q

Moveable joint

A

Synovial

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28
Q

Allows large range of motion, ex: shoulder, hip

A

Ball and socket

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29
Q

Many motions, no rotation ex: metacarpals and phalanges

A

Condyloid

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30
Q

Allow sliding and twisting movement, ex: wrist

A

Gliding

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31
Q

Represent movement of door hinges, ex: knee

A

Hinge

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32
Q

Rotation around central axis, ex: proximal end of ulna

A

Pivot

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33
Q

Variety of movement, ex: carpal and metacarpal of thumb

A

Saddle

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34
Q

Moving away from midline

A

Abduction

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35
Q

Moving to the midline

A

Adduction

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36
Q

Angle between parts decreases

A

Flexion

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37
Q

Angle between parts increases

A

Extension

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38
Q

Raising a part

A

Elevation

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39
Q

Lowering a part

A

Depression

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40
Q

Separates one skeletal muscle from another, may extend to connect to a tendon

A

Fascia

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41
Q

Surrounds skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium

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42
Q

Extends inward, separates muscle into small compartments

A

Perimysium

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43
Q

Surrounds muscle fibers

A

Endomysium

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44
Q

Bundles of muscle fibers

A

Fascicles

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45
Q

Single cells that contract and relax

A

Muscle fibers

46
Q

Contractible fibers within muscle cells

A

Myofibrils

47
Q

Thick protein filaments

A

Myosin

48
Q

Thin protein fibers

A

Actin

49
Q

Attach muscle to bone

A

Tendons

50
Q

End of skeletal muscle that connects to fixed part

A

Origin

51
Q

End of skeletal muscle that connects to movable part

A

Insertion

52
Q

Muscle that does most of the movement

A

Prime mover

53
Q

Muscle that assists prime mover

A

Synergists

54
Q

Resists prime mover’s motion and causes movement in opposite direction

A

Antagonist

55
Q

Closes eye

A

Orbicularis oculi

56
Q

Closes and protrudes lips

A

Orbicularis oris

57
Q

Closes jaw

A

Masseter

58
Q

Moves head, raises sternum

A

Sternocleidomastoid

59
Q

Pulls arm anteriorly and across chest; rotates humerus, adducts arm

A

Pectoralis major

60
Q

Extends and adducts arm; rotates humerus inward; pulls shoulder downward and posteriorly

A

Latissimus dorsi

61
Q

Abducts arm, extends and flexes humerus

A

Deltoid

62
Q

Flexes forearm @ elbow and rotates hand laterally

A

Biceps brachii

63
Q

Extends forearm @ elbow

A

Triceps brachii

64
Q

Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents, flexes vertebral column

A

Rectus abdominus

65
Q

Extends thigh

A

Gluteus Maximus

66
Q

Adducts thigh, flexes and rotates lower limb medially

A

Gracilis

67
Q

Hamstring group?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

68
Q

Quadriceps femoris group?

A 
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis 
Vastus medialis 
Vastus intermedius 
Gastrocnemius 
Tibialis anterior
69
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

70
Q

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system

71
Q

Basic structural unit

A

Neuron

72
Q

Receives input

A

Dendrites

73
Q

Conducts impulses away from neuron

A

Axon

74
Q

Conscious control

A

Somatic

75
Q

Involuntary

A

Autonomic

76
Q

“Fight or flight”

A

Sympathetic

77
Q

“Rest and digest”

A

Parasympathetic

78
Q

Cut down the central; symmetrical

A

Sagittal plane

79
Q

Cut in half

A

Transverse plane

80
Q

System? Function of system?

Skin, hair, nails

A

Integumentary; protects body from outside influences

81
Q

Origin of GH

A

AP

82
Q

Function of GH

A

Increase in cell size and division

83
Q

Origin of prolactin

A

AP

84
Q

Function of prolactin

A

Milk production following birth

85
Q

Origin of oxytocin

A

PP

86
Q

Function of oxytocin

A

Uterine contractions, milk let-down

87
Q

Origin of ADH (vasopressin)

A

PP

88
Q

Function of ADH (vasopressin)

A

Water concentration in kidneys and body fluids

89
Q

Origin of PTH

A

Parathyroid

90
Q

Function of PTH

A

Increases blood calcium

91
Q

Origin of calcitonin

A

Thyroid

92
Q

Function of calcitonin

A

Decreases blood calcium

93
Q

Origin of T3 and T4

A

Thyroid

94
Q

Function of T3 and T4

A

Metabolism regulation

95
Q

Origin or glucagon

A

Alpha cells- pancreas

96
Q

Function of glucagon

A

Raises blood glucose

97
Q

Origin of insulin

A

Beta cells- pancreas

98
Q

Function of insulin

A

Lowers blood glucose

99
Q

Origin of cortisol

A

Adrenal cortex

100
Q

Function of cortisol

A

Protein and fat metabolism

101
Q

Origin of aldosterone

A

Adrenal cortex

102
Q

Function of aldosterone

A

Regulates concentration of Na and K in kidneys

103
Q

Origin of epinephrine

A

Adrenal medulla

104
Q

Function of epinephrine

A

Fight or flight response

105
Q

Origin of testosterone

A

Testes

106
Q

Function of testosterone

A

Male sex characteristics

107
Q

Origin of estradiol

A

Ovaries

108
Q

Function of estradiol

A

Female sex characteristics; menstrual cycle

109
Q

Origin of progesterone

A

Ovaries

110
Q

Function of progesterone

A

Pregnancy; menstrual cycle

Human Biology (10 decks)

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