Unit 5: Stress Flashcards
Why is job stress increasing
Increased intellectual demands
What is the impact of stress of the individual and organisations
Physiological and psychological issues
Huge expenditures : a sense (org)
Legislation: new considerations of health and safety
What is stress
Tension or strain
What are the 3 ways of viewing stress
STIMULUS
RESPONSE
MEDIATIONAL PROCESS
Outline the definition of stress as a stimulus & 2 of the major stimulus in the work environment
The stressors: cog, emotional and physical components
job DEMANDS (workload, emotional labor, physical strain)
Job RESOURCES (no job autonomy, task variation, support)
Outline stress as a response
GAS: general adaptive syndrome (alarm, resistance, exhaustion)
Issue: maladaptive coping, long term/chronic stress
Outline stress as a mediation process
Cognitive, evaluative and motivation processes
COPING: problem or emotion orientates
Method of coping: overt (clear)/ covert, control/escape (fight or flight)
What is good stress?
Good stress = high work engagement
Endorphins = high work engagement (positive, fulfilling work stat of mind, dedication etc)
THIS PROTECTS YOU FROM BURN OUT
What protects you from burnout
High work motivation
What are the individual differences when considering stress (3 categories)
Genetics: gender, constitution (weak/strong), physique
Acquired characteristic:education, social class, skills
Dispositional characteristics: coping styles, preferences, behaviour
What are the classic models of stress
Vitamin model (Warr, 1987)
Demand Support Control model (Johnson & Hall, 1988)
Effort-reward Inbalance model (Siegrest, 1996)
What are the contemporary models of stress
Job demands resource model
Demand induced strain compensation model
What is the vitamin model
Stress is fault of ORG
It views key job characteristics as vitamins.
A lack of vitamins = poor health ( stress )
Vitamins decide the affective well-being
It considers the interaction between person - situation
There are 9 vitamins
What are the 9 vitamins (GIVES MPCV)
Goals (externally generated)
Interpersonal contact (cowork, client)
Variety
Environmental clarity
Skill use
Money
Physical security
Control
Valued social position
What is the acronym for the 9 vitamins
GIVES MPCV
What is affective well-being (and which model is it from)
What are the moderators
From Vitamin model
There are 3 continuous dimensions
- Pleasure / displeasure
- Comfortable / anxious
- Enthusiastic/ depressed
Too heavy = arousal
Right heavy = pleasure
Moderators: VAlues , abilities, baseline MH
How does vitamin model & affective well-being present itself in real world scenarios
Affective well-being (AW) is decided by the 9 vitamins. There is a max AW. Depending on the vitamins present AW will remain constant or decrease (additional decrement; AD)
Constant factors: money, physical security, value social position
AD: all the rest. (AW decreases if too high)
According to the vitamin model, what are the constant and Addition decreameny factors for affective well-being
Constant: physical security, money, valued social position
AD: the rest
What is the demand support control model (Johnson)
A classic model of job stress
The square with 4 dimensions
High D, Low C = high strain (can lead to stress)
High D, High C = active job (arousal; good stress)
Low D, High C = Low strain
Low D + Low C = passive
Extra dimension = support
Explain the added dimension of support to the demand control support model
High support = all traits are collective (E.g. passive collective, low strain Coll)
Low support = traits are ‘isolated’ (E.g. high strain isolated, active job isolated)
What are the limitations of the demand support control model (Johnson & Hall, 1988)
Subjective measures
Individual differences
What is the effort reward imbalance model (Siegrest, 1996)
High effort (intrinsic/extrinsic)—> low rewards (££, esteem, security/ job oops)
Intrinsic: overcommitment (need for approval, competitive/hostile, impatient, irritable, work obligations)
Extrinsic: job demands
What is the effects of high intrinsic motivation? (Effort-reward imbalance model, Siegrest, 1996)
Overcommitment
- need for approval
- competitive/ hostile
- impatient/ irritable
- work obligations
You will get low rewards because it’s imbalanced to the high effort
What is the job demands resources model
A contemporary model of stress
Job demands and resources have physical psychological, social and organisations componentes
High job demands —> exhaustion
High job resources —> engagement
What is the demand induced strain compensation model?
A contemporary model of stress
3 dimensions of job demands & resources : Physical, cognitive and emotional (multidimensional)
High D + High R = active learning & growth
High D + High R = adverse health, poor wellbeing
What are the 3 levels of intervention for work stress
Organizational
Individual/ org
Individual
Discuss organisational interventions for stress : how to identify, primary & secondary
ID: Job stress audit
P: improve work environment/ content
- time schedule
- Developing the management
- Corporate fitness/well-being program
S: anticipatory socialisation
- communication, decision making & conflict management
- organisational development
Discuss organisational/individual interventions for stress : how to identify, primary & secondary
ID: personal screening
P: time management
- interpersonal skills training
- promote realistic job image
- work and private life balance
S: peer support groups
- coaching and consultation
- career planning
Discuss individual interventions for stress : how to identify, primary & secondary
ID: self monitoring
P: didatic stress management
- promote healthy lifestyle
S: CB techniques
- relaxation (Johnson’s technique)
