Unit 4: Motivation Flashcards
What is motivation
The cause, reason, motive to do something to achieve an objective
General model of Motivatuon states that it is influenced by …. & ….
Individual needs and environmental characteristics (in this case, work environment)
What are the 2 individual needs theories
McClellands: 3 needs
Maslow hierarchy of needs
Outlines McClellands 3 needs theory
We are all born with need for
Affiliation
Achievement
Power
Outline Maslow hierarchy
5 dependednt/ interdependent levels of needs
Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self actualisation
What are 2 questionnaire for understanding needs
Reiss profile of basic motives (15 items)
Vocational types: personality times examined alongside interests/preferences to creat a perfect match
What are 3 work environment characteristic theories
Hezberg’s two factory theory
Job characteristic model (Hackman & Oldham)
Flow theory (long complicated name)
Outline hezberg’s two factor theory
Job enrichment
Job enlargement
Outline the job characteristic model
Corse job dimensions —> psychological states —> personal and work outcomes
Core job dimensions
- skills variety
- task identity
- task significant
- task autonomy (responsibilities?)
- job feedback
Psychological states
- high internal work motivation
- high quality work performance
- low w satisfaction
- low absence and turnover
Moderators
Skills
Education
External rewards
Outline flow theory
Interaction between person and characteristics
Optimal motivation = entirely engaged with task
It’s a flow from ANT > CON > RSRCH
Antecedents (before task)
- clear goals & rules
- Perceived demands and skills
- Clear/immediate feedback
Consequences
- positive affect
- Intense concentration
- Lack of fatigue
New research direction
- trained
- Theoretical vagueness
- Subjective experience
What’s the difference between context related theories and process related theories
Content RT: answers question of why are some people motivated while others aren’t?
Process RT: answers “how does motivation affect work behaviour?”
What are the 4 process related theories
Expectancy theory (Vroom, 1964)
Goal setting theory (Locke & Latham, 1990)
Self-regulation theories (Bandura,1991)
Justice theories
What is expectancy theory?
Equation for decision making
FORCE = E(I x V)
E = Expectancy (of gaining outcome)
I = Instrumentality (perception of result - success/not)
V = Valance (how valuable is it to me?)
Choose the highest force
What are limitations of expectancy theory? Force = e(I xV)
Intrinsic motivation: doesn’t consider enjoyment
Individual differences: too robotic
Too mathematical: doesn’t consider feelings emotions
What is goal setting theory (Locke & Latham)
Planning, activation & strength
CORE GOAL CHARACTERISTICS (difficulty, specificity of task)
MEDIATING PROCESSES
(Direction, intensity, persistence, strategies)
MOTIVATION & PERFORMANCE
Moderators of med. proc = task complexity, goal commitment, self-efficacy, feedback
