Unit 5 - Revolutions Flashcards
What was the Enlightenment?
An intellectual and philosophical movement that led to liberalism and new political ideas.
What are some examples of the political ideas did the Enlightenment lead to? (2 answers)
- Natural Rights
- The Social Contract
What is nationalism?
A sense of unity in one’s country.
What did nationalism lead to? (2 answers)
- Political Uprisings
- Unifications Around the World
What are some examples of documents Enlightenment ideas were incorporated into? (3 answers)
- The Declaration of Independence (The US)
- The Declaration of the Rights of Men (France)
- The Jamaica Letter (Haiti)
What is suffrage?
The right to vote
2 examples of innovations during the Industrial Revolution (and who invented them)
- Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell
- Radio - Guglielmo Marconi
- Steam Engine - James Watt
- Spinning Jenny - James Hargreaves
- Water Frame - Richard Arkwright
Mercantilism was replaced with ______ (in the Industrial Revolution).
Capitalism
2 environmental problems the industrial economy brought
- Pollution
- Health Crises
2 economic problems the industrial economy brought
- Economic Inequality
- Poor Working Conditions
What were labor unions for?
To protect those in the working class from dangerous, unsafe, and unfair working enviorments
What 2 new social classes were formed?
The Working Class and the Middle Class
How did the Enlightenment challenge religion?
Philosophers (ie. Voltaire) pushed for…
* religious toleration.
* an End to the Wars of Religion.
How did the Enlightenment challenge individual rights?
Natural Rights
Philosophers (ie. John Locke) pushed the idea that all humans have natural rights, such as…
* life
* liberty
* pursuit of property
…and these could not be taken away without due cause.
How did the Enlightenment challenge government authority?
- Seperation of Power
- Social Contracts
Philosophers (ie. Montesqueiu) pushed for limits on goverment authorities through…
* seperation of powers
* codifications of social contracts (that limit government powers)
2 reforms that resulted from the Enlightenment
- freedom of speech
- freedom of press
- freedom of religion
- freedom to assemble
- freedom from unjust imprisonment
- freedom from cruel and unjust punishments
- freedom from oppression
- democracy
- religious tolerance
- ect.
What Enlightenment ideas did the Declaration of Independence borrow?
- Social Contract
- Democracy
- Direct Representation
What revolution inspired the Declaration of Independence?
And how did it end/what resulted from it?
- The American Revolution
- Led to a democratic state
What Enlightenment ideas did the Declaration of the Rights of Man borrow?
- Social Contract
- Freedom of Speech
- Fair Trials
- Removal of Estates
Which revolution inspired the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
And how did it end/what resulted from it?
- The French Revolution
- Gave rights to the French peasents
Which Enlightenment ideas did the Jamaica Letter borrow?
- Social Contract
- Democracy
- Direct Representation
Which revolution inspired the Jamaica letter?
And how did it end/what resulted from it?
- Latin American Revolutions
- SImon Bolivar gained independence for 6 nations in Latin America
- Bolivar established Gran Columbia
Identify the revolution
Creoles, like Simon Bolivar, fought against Spain for political Sovereignty in the New World
Laitn American Revolutions
Identify the revolution
- Citizens overthrow Monarchy
- Established a Republic
- Executed the King and Queen
The French Revolution
Identify the revolution
Caribbean slaves rise up and overthrow the Mother Country in the first successful slave rebellion
Haitian Revolution
Identify the revolution
Colonists overthrow the Mother Country based on taxation and Parlimentary representation
American Revolution
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain
How did urbanization impact industrial production?
Provided factoy system with the labor force needed to produce finished goods
How was the United States affected by the revolution?
- an early adopter (copying the British factory system)
- Remains the #1 economy on earth
How was Asia affected by the Industrial Revolution?
- It’s share of global economy shrunk
- Ottoman/Ming attempeted reform, but fell behind
How was the Middle East affected by the Industrial Revolution?
- It’s share of the global economy shrunk
- Some states made reforms, but couldn’t compete with the West
How was Russia affected by the Industrial Revolution?
- Remained majority serf until the 1860s
- Slow to modernize
- Ended this period with little industrialization
What effect did railroads and automobiles have?
During the Industrial Revolution
Long distances became less of an obstacle as large railroad projects connected land masses like the US or Russia
What affect did steam boats and canals have?
During the Industrial Revolution
- Long ocean distances became less of an obstacle
- More reliable shipping
What effect did the telegraph and telephone have?
During the Industrial Revolution
Communication became nearly instant as messages and information could be carried faster and more reliably
Iron was replaced with ____.
During the Second Industrial Revolution
Steel
Machines were largely powered by ____.
During the Second Industrial Revolution
Electricity
Which cash crop did Muhammad Ali nationalize to modernize the Egyptian economy?
Cotton
What were two expections to the Tokugaw Shogunate’s policy of Sakoku?
Sakoku = “Locked Country”
- Traded with their neighboors - China and Korea
- Traded with the Dutch
3 social reforms enacted by industrialized governments
- Laws against child labor
- Laws requiring children attend school
- Laws requiring safe housing
- Laws requiring cleaner forms of water/sewage
