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WHAP > Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires Flashcards

1
Q

3 major land-based empires:

In 1450-1750

A

Manchu/Qing Empire - East Asia
Ottoman Empire - the Middle East
Mughal Empire - South Asia

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2
Q

Gunpowder

in 1450-1750

A

A transformative military tech. that fueled the rise of land-based empires

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3
Q

What dynasty came before the Manchu Empire in China?

A

The Ming Dynasty

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4
Q

What’s a similarity between the Ming and Manchu Dynasty?

A

Confucianism
Imperial/Civil Service Exam
Imperial Dynastic System

Manchu Dynasty = Qing Dynsaty

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5
Q

What’s a difference between the Ming and Qing Dynasty?

A

Ethnicity - The Ming Dynasty was Han Chinese while the Qing/Manchu Dynasty was ruled by people from the northeastern region of modern-day China (Manchuria)
The Banner System
The Queue Haircut

Manchu Dynasty = Qing Dynsaty

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6
Q

The Banner System

A

Was used in the Manchu Dynasty
Comprised of households grouped by family and kinship ties
Each household contributed soldiers to the Banner army in times of war

Manchu Dynasty = Qing Dynsaty

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7
Q

The Queue Haircut

A

Aka - The Manchu queue or pigtail
A distinictive hairstyle men were required to wear in China during the Qing Dynasty

Manchu Dynasty = Qing Dynsaty

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8
Q

The Sacred Edict

A

A set of 16 instructions from Kangxi Emperor that stressed Confucian ideals

Kangxi was an emperor of the Manchu/Qing Dynasty

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9
Q

How were the Ottomans able to defeate Constantinople?

A

Gunpowder/Artillery

Constantinople was changed to Istanbul after the Ottomans overtook it.

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10
Q

The Devshirme System

A

Boys were taken from Eastren European families and forced to convert to Islam
They later joined different military postions within the Ottoman empire (ie. Janissaries, govern. officials, scholars, advisors to the sultant)

They were taken as a “blood tax”

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11
Q

A benefit of the Janissaries

In the Ottoman Empire

A

Played a large role in expansion
Owed their allegiance directly to the Sultant

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12
Q

Battle of Chaldiran

What as it?
What caused it?

A

A battle between the Ottomans and the Safavids
Caused by the rivialry between the Ottomans and the Safavids due to the different religous belifs

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13
Q

Tax Farming

In the Ottoman Empire from 1450-1750

A

People would bid for the rights to collect taxes, which the govern. then sold to them

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14
Q

How did the Spanish Empire’s Alhambra Decree effect the Ottoman Empire?

In 1492
In regards to immigration and population

A

The Ottoman Empire saw a large number of Jewish immigrates due to their religious tolerance.

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15
Q

Two similarities between the Ottomans and Safavids

A

Hereditary Rulers
Islamic

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16
Q

Differences between the Ottomans and Sadavids:

A

Religion
- Safavids - Shi’a
- Ottomans - Sunni

17
Q

Which two land based empires did the Safavids have religous and political conflicts with?

A

The Ottomans (to their West)
The Mughals (to their East)

18
Q

Who did the Mughals defeat at the Battle of Panipat?

A

The Delhi Sultanate

19
Q

Babur

Who did he claim descent from?

A

The founder of the Mughal Empire
Genghis Khan & Tamerlane

20
Q

One difference between Akbar the Great and Shah Ismali’s relgious policies:

Akbar the Great = Mughal Emperor
Shah Ismali = Safavid Emperor

A

Akbar = Relgiously tolerant
Shah Ismali = Not relgiously tolerant

Shah Ismali = Shi’a Islamic

21
Q

Sikhism

A

A syncretic belif system that emerged in the Mughal Empire with belifs from Islam and Hinduism.

With the teachings of Guru Nanak

22
Q

Describe the conflict that emerged between the Mughal Empire and the Marthas

At the end of the time period from 1450-1750

A

The main conflict was over who controlled South Asia and what relgion they were

The Mughals = A Muslim ruling empire over a majority Hindu population
The Marthas = A collection of Hindu groups opposed to the Mughals

23
Q

Zamindars

A

Local Hindu princes in the Mughal Empire
They collected taxes for the empire

24
Q

How did the Qing Empire use imperial portairts to legitimize their rule?

A

Ehanced the power/prestige of the emperor

25
Q

A royal residence in Beijing reservered only for the Emperor, his familiy, and staff.

A

The Forbidden City

The Ming and Qing/Manchu Dynasty

26
Q

The largest building in Europe for 1000 years after being converted into a Mosque after 1453.

A

The Hagia Sophia

The Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire converted it into a mosque after conquering it from the Bysantine Empire

27
Q

Built by Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his wife in 1631

A Mausoleum = a building designed to hold the remains of the desecesed

A

The Taj Mahal

The Mughal Empire

28
Q

What is the difference between Shi’a and Sunni Islam?

A

Shi’a = Muhammad’s cousin/son-in-law should be the caliph (Ali)
Sunni = Muhammad’s father-in-law (Abu Bakr) should be the Caliph

Shi’as belived it should be a blood relative
Sunnis belived it should be someone appointed

29
Q

What is the difference between the Protestant’s and the Catholic’s belifs?

A

Protestants protested against many of the traditions held by the Catholic church.

Sparked the Protestant reformation in 1517
The power of the pope, priest, and relgious tradtions were challenged

30
Q

How did the Mexica utilize their religious belifs to legitimize their power?

Mexica = Aztecs

A

They would sacrafice people to make sure the sun would rise again the next day and avoid the end of the world.

31
Q

Flower Wars

A

The Mexica would engage in wars to capture more people for human sacrafice.

Mexica = Aztecs

32
Q

How did many European monarchs use the relgious idea of Divine Right to legitimize their rule?

A

They would claim the Christian God wanted the kings of Europe in power.

33
Q

Describe the difference in the treatment of Hindus between Akbar the Great and Aurangzeb

Akbar the Great and Aurangzeb were both Mughal emperors

A

Akbar the Great
* Relgiously tolerant
* Tried to create a syncretic relgion

Aurangzeb
* Muslim
* Suppressed the relgious belifs of Hundus and Sikhs

34
Q

Salaried Samurai

A

Former warriors converted in peacetime into govern. bureaucrats

35
Q

Bannermen

A

Leaders from different ethnic groups within the Qing Dynasty

Qing = Mughal

36
Q

Imperial Exam

A

Top govern. positions in the Chinese Dynastic system were derived based on this exam

aka Civil Service Exam

The Civil Service Exam was based on Confucianism prinicipals.

WHAP (6 decks)

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