Unit 4 - Transoceanic Interconnections Flashcards
Navigational benefits of Lateen Sails:
You could sail in any direction, no matter the direction of the wind
Navigational benefits of Caravels:
- You can sail long voyages at great speeds
- Small = Maneuverable
Navigational benefits of the Compass:
You can orient yourself without relying on the stars
Beyond new tech. to control the wind, navigators also used knowledge of [blank] to sail across great distances.
wind/sea currents
Opened a school to teach Islamic/Classical navigational techniques to Portuguese navigators
Henery the Navigator
Crossed the Atlantic Ocean in searchof the East Indies in 1492, inadvertently finding the Americas
Christopher Columbus
Rounded the Cape of Good Hope to become the first European to reach India by sea
Vasco Da Gama
An economic benefit of establishing a trading-post empire:
Opened more oppurtunity for trade
Where did Spain expand?
In 1450-1750
2 Answers
- Latin America
- Southeast Asia
Where did Portugal expand?
In 1450-1750
6 answers
- Latin America
- West Africa
- Southren Africa
- South Asia
- Southeast Asia
- East Asia
Where did France expand?
In 1450-1750
2 answers
- Latin America
- South Asia
Where did the Netherlands expand?
In 1450-1750
6 answers
- Latin America
- West Africa
- Southren Africa
- South Asia
- Southeast Asia
- East Asia
Where did the British expand?
In 1450-1750
2 answers
- Latin America
- Southren Africa
What impact did dieses caused by the Columbian Exchange have on the Westren Hemisphere?
Greatly decreased the Native American population
Killed 90%
What impact did the Columbian Exchange have on the economy of Europe?
Allowed European empires to grow their economy significantly
What impact did the Columbian Exchange have on the environment?
Caused a lot of deforestation and soil erosion
Identify the orgin of the items listed below
- Sugar
- Okra
- Corn
- Smallpox
- Malaria
- Potato
(From the Westren or Eastren hemishpere)
- Sugar - Eastern
- Okra - Eastren
- Corn - Westren
- Smallpox - Eastren
- Malaria - Eastren
- Potato - Westren
How did the enslavement of people acclerate the Columbian Exchange?
Plantations became more profitable and prominate
Enslaved people were used to work these plantations
Two ways populations in Afro-Eurasia benefited from the new crops from the Westren Hemishpere:
During the Columbian Exchange
- Cash crops allowed them to expand their economy
- They had a more diverse food source (= more calories)
How did Prince Henry the Navigator advance European understanding of maritime tech.?
He mapped the coast of Africa and established a school of navigation in Portugal.
The first European voyager to successfully establish an empire was…
…Christopher Columbus.
How did the Aztecs respond to the arrival of Europeans?
They were unwelcoming
How did the Incas respond to the arrival of Europeans?
They had little resistance.
How did the Mughals respond to the arrival of Europeans?
They wanted to trade.
What were the Dutch, British, and French attempting to find when they sailed west?
In 1450-1750
The Northwest Passage
These trips were unsuccesfull
Viceroyalties
And who used them?
Spain and Portugal; The king would appoint a viceroy who would rule for him in the westren hemisphere.
A political system used in the Americas to establish control.
Viceroy - held the same power as the king, but still had to report back to him
Spainards would convert Native Americans to [blank] and teach them the [blank] language.
Catholic Christian; Spanish
Vodun
A relgion
- A mix of Catholicism and West African belifs
- Became a major belif system amoungst free and enslaved Africans
Our Lady of Guadalupe
- A marian apparition
- Played a major role in converting Native Americans to Catholicism
Apparition - a ghostly or spectral form of a ghost or animal that appears and disappears quickly
Why were the number of men in Africa decreasing?
In 1450-1750
The Transatlantic Slave Trade
Identify two effects of
The Spanish Potosi Siliver Mine
- Brought immense wealth to Spain
- Intesification of the Acapulo-Manilla trade route
- Increased in coreced labor in the mines
- Price Revolution - Spanish economy crashed
Which empire controled
Brazil, Angola, and Mozambique
In 1450-1750
Portugal
Which empire controled
Indonesia and Nagaski, Japan
In 1450-1750
The Netherlands
Which empire controled
Eastern North America and South America
In 1450-1750
The British
Which empire controled
Westren Latin America and the Philippines
In 1450-1750
Spain
What policy did Tokugawa Japan enact in response to the arrival of the West?
In 1450-1759
- Restricted trade
- Proclaimed sakoku
Sakoku = Locked country
Trade limited to Dejima in Nagaski, then only to China, Korea, and the Netherlands
What policy did Ming China enact in response to the Arrival of the West?
In 1450-1750
limited trade to a few places
Maroon Societies
Societies of escaped enslaved people; mostly found in/around the Caribean sea or Brazil
What were the Cossack Revolts?
As the Russian Empire expanded under Romanous, many Cossacks clashed with the Tsars over land, autonomy, and Serfdom.
Leading to the Cossack Revolts
What was the effect of the Cossack Revolts?
- The Pugachev Rebellion in the late 1700s
- Ended with the Cossacks maintaing some level of autonomy
Who was the Queen Nanny of the Maroons?
- Nanny and her brothers formed a maroon society in the mountains of Jamica
- They helped enslaved people escape
What did the Queen Nanny of the Maroons’ efforts cause/result in?
- Established her own territory (Nannytown)
- Maroons would go to sign peace treaties with the British/French
Who was Ana Nzinga of Nodongo and Matambo?
Ana Nzinga negotiated and fought with the Portugues over their efforts at buying/selling enslaved people
What did Ana Nzinga’s efforts cause/result in?
- Was able to call a truce
- Negotiated a peace treaty
- Insured independence for her kingdom from the Portuguese
Who were the Marthas?
A collection of Hindu people who joined together to combat the growing spread of the Islamic Mughal Empire in India.
What did the Marthas’ efforts cause/result in?
They successfully fought back and defeated the Mughal Empire.
Casta System
- A race based hierchal system.
- Used by the Spanish
- Limited people’s rights
- Expelled Muslims and Jews
Chattel Slavery
- People were seen as property
- Race-Based
- Generational
Mit’a System
- Inca Labor System
- State required men to work on govern. projects
Two benefits of establishing a Joint Stock Company:
- Limits the amount of risk to investors
- A collection of buisnesses were granted monopoly (= no competion)
An economic benefit the expansion of trade networks offered African states:
Trading gave them access to gunpowder - influence and power grew
