Unit 5 Practice Tests Flashcards
Which of the following transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
urethra
glomerulus
afferent arteriole
ureter
d
Blood leaving the efferent arteriole then enters the:
glomerulus
afferent arteriole
peritubular capillary network
renal artery
c
Where does filtrate go after Bowman’s Capsule (Glomerular Capsule)?
proximal tubule
collecting duct
loop of Henle (loop of the nephron)
distal tubule
a
Which of the following does NOT describe a urinary tract infection?
causes a burning sensation during urination
usually caused by E. coli bacteria
causes frequent urination
more frequent in men
d
In hemodialysis, wastes flow from high conc. in the _______ to low conc. the ________
dialysis fluid / blood
blood / dialysis fluid
b
Place the three stages of urine formation in order:
tubular secretion
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
Place the three stages of urine formation in order:
1)
glomerular filtration
2)
tubular reabsorption
3)
tubular secretion
During glomerular filtration, which of the following is filtered from the blood?
plasma proteins
white blood cells
red blood cells
water
d
This process allows the nephron to regulate pH and ion concentrations in the blood.
glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
tubular reabsorption
b
Where in the male reproductive tract would you find ducts where sperm mature?
Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)
Epididymis
Testes
Seminal Vesicles
b
Where are Leydig cells located?
within the epididymis
base of the bladder
between the seminiferous tubules
inside the seminiferous tubules
c
In males, _____ signals testosterone production, _____ signals sperm production.
FSH / LH
LH / FSH
b
hich does NOT apply to the vaginal canal?
folds for expansion
acidic pH due to bacteria
fertilization normally occurs here
mucus membranes
c
In females, ______ triggers follicle development, _____ triggers ovulation
LH / FSH
FSH / LH
b
A ruptured follicle becomes the ____________, which secrete(s) progesterone
endometrium
corpus luteum
placenta
oviduct
b
Increased progesterone secretion has all of the following effects EXCEPT:
inhibits FSH from developing a follicle
triggers endometrium cells to die and slough off
builds up (thickens) the endometrium
inhibits LH from triggering ovulation
b
Which of the following is FALSE?
HCG keeps the endometrium thick
HCG triggers release of FSH and LH
HCG is secreted by the placenta
HCG is detected by pregnancy tests
b
TRUE OR FALSE: A hormone released into the blood can bind to any receptor it encounters.
True
False
b
Which of the following describes a protein hormone?
Hydrophobic and can enter the cell
Binding triggers a secondary messenger
Made of cholesterol
Binds to receptors at the nucleus
b
The ________________ controls both the anterior and posterior pituitary.
pancreas
hypothalamus
kidney
thyroid
b
Which hormone maintains your basal metabolic rate, mood and sleep?
glucagon
oxytocin
thyroxine
ADH
c
Where are the target cells for oxytocin?
liver
uterus
thyroid
hypothalamus
b
Fill in the blanks:
1) A signal arrives at the hypothalamus that thyroxine is needed.
2) The hypothalamus secretes
[ Select ]
3) This stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete
[ Select ]
4) This hormone targets the thyroid gland to secrete ______.
Answer 1:
thyroid releasing hormone
Answer 2:
thyroid stimulating hormone
Answer 3:
thyroxine
A goiter is an enlarged________________
uterus
thyroid
hypothalamus
pancreas
b
In Type I Diabetes, the ________ cells of the pancreas are attacked, resulting in an insufficient production of ____________.
beta / glucagon
beta / glucagon
alpha / insulin
beta / insulin
d
Which of the following describes Type II Diabetes?
Insufficient response from insulin receptors
Juvenile diabetes
Insufficient production of glucagon
Autoimmune disorder
a
A sperm uses _______ released from its acrosome to penetrate the outer membrane of the egg.
digestive enzymes
DNA
mitochondria
ATP
a
In which stage of development does the embryo increase in cell number AND cell size?
Morphogenesis
Growth
Differentiation
Cleavage
b
Which layer of the blastocyst develops into the embryo?
outer cell mass
inner cell mass
b
The embryonic yolk sac functions to:
cushion and protect the embryo
serve as the fetal side of the placenta
produce blood cells before bone marrow forms
house the umbilical arteries and veins
c
The skin and nervous system are formed by which germ layer?
mesoderm
ectoderm
endoderm
b
Which is FALSE regarding the placenta?
secretes estrogen and progesterone
secretes hormones that inhibit follicle development and ovulation
allows gas exchange between the mom and fetus
allows blood from the mom and fetus to mix
d
Which structure contains arteries and veins that supply blood to the fetus?
umbilical cord
ductus arteriosis
foramen ovale
amnion
a
_________________ carry deoxygenated blood from the fetal tissues to the ____________
Umblilical veins / lungs
Umblilical arteries / placenta
Umbilical veins / placenta
Umblilical arteries / lungs
b
In the fetal heart, the ___________ connects the pulmonary artery to the ________.
Ductus Arteriosis / aorta
Ductus Arteriosis / right atrium
Foramen Ovale / aorta
Foramen Ovale / left atrium
a
Chemical evolution states that:
Only advantageous traits are passed to offspring
Species change over time
Life began with the increase in complexity of molecules over time
Acquired traits are passed to offspring
c
Lamarck’s hypothesis for the mechanism of biological evolution was the inheritance of __________________ traits. Darwin’s hypothesis was ___________________.
giraffe necks / acquired traits
genetic mutations / survival of the fittest
natural selection / acquired traits
acquired traits / natural selection
d
A squirrel is born with a mutation that makes its fur the same color as the bark of the trees in which it lives. This mutation makes this squirrel better able to gather food, hide from tree snakes and live to mate and reproduce. The squirrels without this mutation are usually eaten by snakes and do not live long enough to reproduce.
Whose hypothesis for evolution does this support?
Darwin
Lamarck
a
I have developed massive muscles from my years of power lifting. When my boys were born, they were born with my massive muscles. They will acquire even larger muscles and pass their muscles to their children. Soon I will have a large posterity of massive muscled minions.
Whose hypothesis for evolution does this support?
Lamarck
Darwin
a
Variation, Competition and Heritability are all requirements for:
natural selection
artificial selection
inheritance of required traits
chemical evolution
a
In artificial selection, _____________ select(s) who will breed. An example of this is _____________.
humans / Teosinte bred into modern corn
biogeography / the diversity of marsupials
mutations / whale hip bones
giraffes / domestication of dogs
a
You are a farmer that supplies eggs to the local market. One of your hens lays more eggs on average than the other hens. You decide to only allow that hen to breed, with the hopes that eventually you will have a flock of chickens that yield an increased number of eggs.
Which type of selection does this represent?
Natural Selection
Artificial Selection
b
Tiktaalik is the transition fossil that links what two groups?
fish and amphibians
reptiles and birds
monkeys and humans
whales and cats
a
Vestigial structures are:
structures that show the transition from one group of organisms to another
anatomically similar to each other because they both originated from a common ancestor
similar in function, but with different anatomy because they did not originate from a common ancestor
present in the ancestral form but no longer serve a function in the current form
d
The fact that marsupials are not as diverse in South America as they are in Australia would be classified as what type of evidence for evolution?
Biogeography
Anatomical
Biochemical
Chemical
a
Which of the following is an adaptation by primates for life in the trees?
binocular vision
all of the above are correct
grasping hands with opposable thumbs
reduced reproductive rate
b
Chimps and humans are ________________, while lemurs and tarsiers are ______________.
prosimians / anthropoids
anthropoids / prosimians
b
The spinal cord of a chimp exits from the _________ of the skull, while the spinal cord of a human exits from the ___________ of the skull.
side / front
center / rear
rear / center
front / side
c
Which represents a common ancestor on an evolutionary tree?
branch
node
b
If a species branches off from a common ancestor, as more time passes, it accumulates more ___________ and becomes more different from the ancestor.
acquired traits
fossils
homologous structures
mutations
d
Which ancestor interbred with humans, donating approximately 1-4% of your DNA?
Homo habilis
Homo neanderthalensis
Homo floresiensis
Australopithecus afarensis
b
