Unit 5: part3 :Biomechanics

Question 1

Define mechanics

Answer 1

Study of forces and their effects

Question 2

What is the difference between kinetics and kinematics

Answer 2

Kinetics is the study of the relationship between a force and the motion it produces and kinematics deals with the motion produced without considering the force that produces that motion

Question 3

Define biomechanics

Answer 3

The study of forces that act on and within a biological system and the affects of these forces om motion and structure of the biomechanical systems

Question 4

What are the 3 main parts of the locomotor system of the human body movement…
And which of them or which of their parts forms the following
A)Levers
B)Hinges
C)forces

Answer 4

Skeleton, muscles and joints

A)Lever = bones of skeleton
B)Hinge joint = ligaments around joints
C)Forces = muscles

Question 5

Why do we conduct biomechanical assessments

Answer 5

To identify if the locomotor system/musculoskeletal system is functioning within normal boundaries

Question 6

Which term(s) is best explained by the following (WHICH TERM)

Answer 6

Movement of foot which causes the soles of the foot to face inwards or towards body midline and which movement causes the opposite

Question 7

(WHICH TERM)
Opposite of extension(straightening movement that increases the angle between joints and the leg/arm

Answer 7

Flexion

Question 8

(WHICH TERM)
Ankle bends raising the toes upward and this decreases angle between dorsal side of foot and tibia and what is the opposite action

Answer 8

Dorsiflexion

Plantarflexion

Question 9

Which 6 types of motion can the hip joint perform

Answer 9

Flexion + extension
Adduction and abduction
Internal and external rotation

Question 10

Which 2 types of motion can the knee joint perform

Answer 10

Flexion and extension

Question 11

Which 2 types of motion can the ankle joint perform

Answer 11

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Question 12

Which 2 types of motion can the subtalar joint perform

Answer 12

Eversion and inversion

Question 13

Which 4 types of motion can the mid-tarsal joint perform

Answer 13

Abduction and adduction
Inversion and Eversion

Question 14

Which 2 types of motion can the metatarsophalangeal joint perform

Answer 14

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Question 15

Which 2 types of motion can the interphalangeal joint perform

Answer 15

Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion

Question 16

Which lower limb and foot joints are most flexible

Answer 16

Hip joint and mid-tarsal joint

Question 17

Which body plane separates the body into :

A)medial & lateral sides
B)superior (cranial) & inferior (caudal) parts
C)posterior/dorsal and anterior/ventral parts

Answer 17

A) saggital
B) Transverse
C) Frontal planes

Question 18

Define Joint Axis

Answer 18

An imaginary lime that is pivotal/rotational point at a joint

Question 19

What angle is formed between the plane and the axis (lol I know but just cram)

Answer 19

90°

Question 20

What are the 3 cardinal planes

Answer 20

1.saggital
2.frontal
3.vertical/longitudinal

Question 21

What is Triplanar motion

Answer 21

Motion that occurs in more than 1 plane

Question 22

Define Pronation and supination

Answer 22

Probation is the inward rolling of the foot and supination is the outward rolling that causes the foot to rise above the ground as you walk

Question 23

What 3 motions occur in Pronation and Supination respectively

Answer 23

Eversion, abduction and dorsiflexion

And

Inversion, adduction and plantarflexion respectively

Question 24

What is meant by the foot being a shock absorber and a propulsion mechanism

Answer 24

It cushions impact of contact of the foot with the ground and. ..

It propels the body in the desired direction

Question 25

What two things make the foot structurally suited for its function

Answer 25

1.It's arch shape 2.Complex movement capability

Question 26

What 3 things articulate at the ankle joint

Answer 26

Tibia, Fibula and trochlea surface of the talus

Question 27

Name 2 joints on which the Talus articulates

Answer 27

1. Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint 2. Talonavicular joint

Question 28

Where does the Calcaneus articulate with the cuboid bone

Answer 28

Calcaneocuboid joint

Question 29

Where are the following joints found 1. Midtarsal joint 2. Intertarsal joint 3. Tarsometatarsal joint

Answer 29

1. Between calcaneocuboid & talonavicular joint 2. Between tarsal bones 3. Between tarsals and metatarsal bones

Question 30

Which 2 joints assist with weight bearing

Answer 30

Intertarsal and Tarsometatarsal joints

Question 31

Find a foot picture with unlabeled 3 arches and label them

Answer 31

Answer in the note book📙

Question 32

What 4 bones form the tarsal bones

Answer 32

Talus, Cuneiforms, Navicular, Cuboid and Calcaneus

Question 33

What is the difference between Passive and Active mechanism that maintain arch shape

Answer 33

Passive uses ligaments and Active uses muscles

Question 34

What are the 5 ligaments in Passive mechanism

Answer 34

1.deltoid ligament 2.Plantar aponeurosis 3.long plantar ligament 4.short ligament 5.spring ligament 6.interosseous ligament

Question 34

What are the 5 ligaments in Passive mechanism

Answer 34

1.deltoid ligament 2.Plantar aponeurosis 3.long plantar ligament 4.short ligament 5.spring ligament 6.interosseous ligament

Question 35

What 2 capabilities of the foot enable it to absorb its impact with the ground and what does this prevent

Answer 35

The capability of the arch to flatten and recoil during loading and unloading It reduces risk of injury

Question 36

Mechanically the plantar ligaments support the arch in 2 ways: as a ____ and ___ ____ and is assisted by ____

Answer 36

Beam and True arch Assisted by Muscles

Question 37

When comparing. Which one do we start with

Answer 37

The normal foot

Question 38

What should be the patient's position during non-weight bearing assessment

Answer 38

Patient is sitting or lying supine( on their back) or prone (on their stomach)

Question 39

During Non weight bearing assessment, what 3 things do we observe and what do we palpate for

Answer 39

1.muscle 2.shape/posture 3.swelling We palpate For swelling and tenderness

Question 40

What are the 3 steps in non weight bearing assessment

Answer 40

Observe Palpate and check Joint movement

Question 41

What 3 things do we check under joint movement

Answer 41

1. Range of motion 2. Direction of motion 3. Symmetry of motion 4. Quality of motion