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Podiatric Medicine > Unit 5: part3 :Biomechanics > Flashcards

Unit 5: part3 :Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Define mechanics

A

Study of forces and their effects

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2
Q

What is the difference between kinetics and kinematics

A

Kinetics is the study of the relationship between a force and the motion it produces and kinematics deals with the motion produced without considering the force that produces that motion

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3
Q

Define biomechanics

A

The study of forces that act on and within a biological system and the affects of these forces om motion and structure of the biomechanical systems

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4
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the locomotor system of the human body movement…
And which of them or which of their parts forms the following
A)Levers
B)Hinges
C)forces

A

Skeleton, muscles and joints

A)Lever = bones of skeleton
B)Hinge joint = ligaments around joints
C)Forces = muscles

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5
Q

Why do we conduct biomechanical assessments

A

To identify if the locomotor system/musculoskeletal system is functioning within normal boundaries

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6
Q

Which term(s) is best explained by the following (WHICH TERM)

A

Movement of foot which causes the soles of the foot to face inwards or towards body midline and which movement causes the opposite

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7
Q

(WHICH TERM)
Opposite of extension(straightening movement that increases the angle between joints and the leg/arm

A

Flexion

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8
Q

(WHICH TERM)
Ankle bends raising the toes upward and this decreases angle between dorsal side of foot and tibia and what is the opposite action

A

Dorsiflexion

Plantarflexion

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9
Q

Which 6 types of motion can the hip joint perform

A

Flexion + extension
Adduction and abduction
Internal and external rotation

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10
Q

Which 2 types of motion can the knee joint perform

A

Flexion and extension

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11
Q

Which 2 types of motion can the ankle joint perform

A

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

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12
Q

Which 2 types of motion can the subtalar joint perform

A

Eversion and inversion

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13
Q

Which 4 types of motion can the mid-tarsal joint perform

A

Abduction and adduction
Inversion and Eversion

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14
Q

Which 2 types of motion can the metatarsophalangeal joint perform

A

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

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15
Q

Which 2 types of motion can the interphalangeal joint perform

A

Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion

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16
Q

Which lower limb and foot joints are most flexible

A

Hip joint and mid-tarsal joint

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17
Q

Which body plane separates the body into :

A)medial & lateral sides
B)superior (cranial) & inferior (caudal) parts
C)posterior/dorsal and anterior/ventral parts

A

A) saggital
B) Transverse
C) Frontal planes

18
Q

Define Joint Axis

A

An imaginary lime that is pivotal/rotational point at a joint

19
Q

What angle is formed between the plane and the axis (lol I know but just cram)

A

90°

20
Q

What are the 3 cardinal planes

A

1.saggital
2.frontal
3.vertical/longitudinal

21
Q

What is Triplanar motion

A

Motion that occurs in more than 1 plane

22
Q

Define Pronation and supination

A

Probation is the inward rolling of the foot and supination is the outward rolling that causes the foot to rise above the ground as you walk

23
Q

What 3 motions occur in Pronation and Supination respectively

A

Eversion, abduction and dorsiflexion

And

Inversion, adduction and plantarflexion respectively

24
Q

What is meant by the foot being a shock absorber and a propulsion mechanism

A

It cushions impact of contact of the foot with the ground and. ..

It propels the body in the desired direction

25
Q

What two things make the foot structurally suited for its function

A

1.It’s arch shape
2.Complex movement capability

26
Q

What 3 things articulate at the ankle joint

A

Tibia, Fibula and trochlea surface of the talus

27
Q

Name 2 joints on which the Talus articulates

A
  1. Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint
  2. Talonavicular joint
28
Q

Where does the Calcaneus articulate with the cuboid bone

A

Calcaneocuboid joint

29
Q

Where are the following joints found
1. Midtarsal joint
2. Intertarsal joint
3. Tarsometatarsal joint

A
  1. Between calcaneocuboid & talonavicular joint
  2. Between tarsal bones
  3. Between tarsals and metatarsal bones
30
Q

Which 2 joints assist with weight bearing

A

Intertarsal and Tarsometatarsal joints

31
Q

Find a foot picture with unlabeled 3 arches and label them

A

Answer in the note book📙

32
Q

What 4 bones form the tarsal bones

A

Talus, Cuneiforms, Navicular, Cuboid and Calcaneus

33
Q

What is the difference between Passive and Active mechanism that maintain arch shape

A

Passive uses ligaments and Active uses muscles

34
Q

What are the 5 ligaments in Passive mechanism

A

1.deltoid ligament
2.Plantar aponeurosis
3.long plantar ligament
4.short ligament
5.spring ligament
6.interosseous ligament

34
Q

What are the 5 ligaments in Passive mechanism

A

1.deltoid ligament
2.Plantar aponeurosis
3.long plantar ligament
4.short ligament
5.spring ligament
6.interosseous ligament

35
Q

What 2 capabilities of the foot enable it to absorb its impact with the ground and what does this prevent

A

The capability of the arch to flatten and recoil during loading and unloading

It reduces risk of injury

36
Q

Mechanically the plantar ligaments support the arch in 2 ways: as a ____ and ___ ____ and is assisted by ____

A

Beam and True arch
Assisted by Muscles

37
Q

When comparing. Which one do we start with

A

The normal foot

38
Q

What should be the patient’s position during non-weight bearing assessment

A

Patient is sitting or lying supine( on their back) or prone (on their stomach)

39
Q

During Non weight bearing assessment, what 3 things do we observe and what do we palpate for

A

1.muscle
2.shape/posture
3.swelling

We palpate For swelling and tenderness

40
Q

What are the 3 steps in non weight bearing assessment

A

Observe Palpate and check Joint movement

41
Q

What 3 things do we check under joint movement

A
  1. Range of motion
  2. Direction of motion
  3. Symmetry of motion
  4. Quality of motion

Podiatric Medicine (9 decks)

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