Unit 5: part3 :Biomechanics Flashcards
Define mechanics
Study of forces and their effects
What is the difference between kinetics and kinematics
Kinetics is the study of the relationship between a force and the motion it produces and kinematics deals with the motion produced without considering the force that produces that motion
Define biomechanics
The study of forces that act on and within a biological system and the affects of these forces om motion and structure of the biomechanical systems
What are the 3 main parts of the locomotor system of the human body movement…
And which of them or which of their parts forms the following
A)Levers
B)Hinges
C)forces
Skeleton, muscles and joints
A)Lever = bones of skeleton
B)Hinge joint = ligaments around joints
C)Forces = muscles
Why do we conduct biomechanical assessments
To identify if the locomotor system/musculoskeletal system is functioning within normal boundaries
Which term(s) is best explained by the following (WHICH TERM)
Movement of foot which causes the soles of the foot to face inwards or towards body midline and which movement causes the opposite
(WHICH TERM)
Opposite of extension(straightening movement that increases the angle between joints and the leg/arm
Flexion
(WHICH TERM)
Ankle bends raising the toes upward and this decreases angle between dorsal side of foot and tibia and what is the opposite action
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Which 6 types of motion can the hip joint perform
Flexion + extension
Adduction and abduction
Internal and external rotation
Which 2 types of motion can the knee joint perform
Flexion and extension
Which 2 types of motion can the ankle joint perform
Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
Which 2 types of motion can the subtalar joint perform
Eversion and inversion
Which 4 types of motion can the mid-tarsal joint perform
Abduction and adduction
Inversion and Eversion
Which 2 types of motion can the metatarsophalangeal joint perform
Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
Which 2 types of motion can the interphalangeal joint perform
Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
Which lower limb and foot joints are most flexible
Hip joint and mid-tarsal joint
Which body plane separates the body into :
A)medial & lateral sides
B)superior (cranial) & inferior (caudal) parts
C)posterior/dorsal and anterior/ventral parts
A) saggital
B) Transverse
C) Frontal planes
Define Joint Axis
An imaginary lime that is pivotal/rotational point at a joint
What angle is formed between the plane and the axis (lol I know but just cram)
90°
What are the 3 cardinal planes
1.saggital
2.frontal
3.vertical/longitudinal
What is Triplanar motion
Motion that occurs in more than 1 plane
Define Pronation and supination
Probation is the inward rolling of the foot and supination is the outward rolling that causes the foot to rise above the ground as you walk
What 3 motions occur in Pronation and Supination respectively
Eversion, abduction and dorsiflexion
And
Inversion, adduction and plantarflexion respectively
What is meant by the foot being a shock absorber and a propulsion mechanism
It cushions impact of contact of the foot with the ground and. ..
It propels the body in the desired direction
What two things make the foot structurally suited for its function
1.It’s arch shape
2.Complex movement capability
What 3 things articulate at the ankle joint
Tibia, Fibula and trochlea surface of the talus
Name 2 joints on which the Talus articulates
- Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint
- Talonavicular joint
Where does the Calcaneus articulate with the cuboid bone
Calcaneocuboid joint
Where are the following joints found
1. Midtarsal joint
2. Intertarsal joint
3. Tarsometatarsal joint
- Between calcaneocuboid & talonavicular joint
- Between tarsal bones
- Between tarsals and metatarsal bones
Which 2 joints assist with weight bearing
Intertarsal and Tarsometatarsal joints
Find a foot picture with unlabeled 3 arches and label them
Answer in the note book📙
What 4 bones form the tarsal bones
Talus, Cuneiforms, Navicular, Cuboid and Calcaneus
What is the difference between Passive and Active mechanism that maintain arch shape
Passive uses ligaments and Active uses muscles
What are the 5 ligaments in Passive mechanism
1.deltoid ligament
2.Plantar aponeurosis
3.long plantar ligament
4.short ligament
5.spring ligament
6.interosseous ligament
What are the 5 ligaments in Passive mechanism
1.deltoid ligament
2.Plantar aponeurosis
3.long plantar ligament
4.short ligament
5.spring ligament
6.interosseous ligament
What 2 capabilities of the foot enable it to absorb its impact with the ground and what does this prevent
The capability of the arch to flatten and recoil during loading and unloading
It reduces risk of injury
Mechanically the plantar ligaments support the arch in 2 ways: as a ____ and ___ ____ and is assisted by ____
Beam and True arch
Assisted by Muscles
When comparing. Which one do we start with
The normal foot
What should be the patient’s position during non-weight bearing assessment
Patient is sitting or lying supine( on their back) or prone (on their stomach)
During Non weight bearing assessment, what 3 things do we observe and what do we palpate for
1.muscle
2.shape/posture
3.swelling
We palpate For swelling and tenderness
What are the 3 steps in non weight bearing assessment
Observe Palpate and check Joint movement
What 3 things do we check under joint movement
- Range of motion
- Direction of motion
- Symmetry of motion
- Quality of motion
