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Human Anatomy & Physiology > Unit 5: Notes 1 > Flashcards

Unit 5: Notes 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three basic functions of the nervous system

A

sensory, integrative, motor

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2
Q

describe sensory

A
  • sensory receptors detect/collect stimuli in/out of body

- sensory or a ferret neurons carry info to brain via spine and cranial nerves

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3
Q

describe integrative

A

processes information

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4
Q

describe motor

A
  • response to sensory stimuli

- Motor or efferent neurons carry info from brain effectors (muscles or glands) via cranial or spinal nerves

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5
Q

what are the two main parts of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

describe the central nervous system

A
  • Brain and spinal cord
  • processes info and creates a response that is delivered through the PNS
  • source of thoughts, emotion and memories
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7
Q

describe The three divisions of PNS

A
  1. somatic: voluntary
  2. autonomic: involuntary
  3. enteric: involuntary “Brain of gut”
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8
Q

describe the peripheral nervous system

A
  • nerves fibers and support cells

- collect info about internal/external environment

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9
Q

what does the somatic nervous system consists of

A
  • sensory neurons convey info from sensory receptors to the CNS
  • Motor neurons conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles only
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10
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system consists of

A
  • sensory neurons convey info from autonomic receptors in visceral organs to CNS
  • Motor neurons conduct impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
  • sympathetic, fight or flight
  • parasympathetic, rest and digest
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11
Q

what does the enteric nervous system consists of

A
  • sensory neurons monitoring chemical changes in gastric intestinal tract
  • Motor neurons that govern contractions of G.I. smooth muscles and secretions of organs
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12
Q

how do the PNS and CNS communicate

A

electrical signals that are transmitted by neurons

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13
Q

what’s are the three types of neurons

A

sensory, motor, Interneurons

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14
Q

describe sensory neuron

A

Carry impulses to CNS from sensory organs (afferent pathway)

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15
Q

describe motor neuron

A

impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands (effectors)(efferent pathway)

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16
Q

describe interneurons

A

send info between sensory neurons and motor neurons

17
Q

what are the two types of nervous tissue

A
  1. neurons - nerve cell

2. neuroglia - nerve support cell

18
Q

what are the three main parts to a neuron

A
  1. cell body: contains a nucleus and organelles
  2. dendrite: receiving end
  3. axon: conducts impulses towards another neuron
19
Q

what are the additional parts to the neuron

A

axon hillock, axon collateral, axon terminal, and synapse

20
Q

describe the axon hillock

A

small hill where axon join cell body and where action potential starts

21
Q

describe axon collateral

A

Side branches of axon

22
Q

axon terminal

A

distal end of, forms junction with other cells/glands

23
Q

synapse

A

where to neurons communicate via neurotransmitters

24
Q

what’s my prevent electrical conductivity from passing to the next neuron

A

drugs

25
Q

what is Myelin?

A
  • layer of lipid and protein around axon
  • insulate axon and speeds up action potential
  • made by
    1. Schwan cells in the PNS
    2. oligodendrocytes in the CNS
26
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A
  • gaps in the myelin sheath that allow the impulse to jump

- The amount of myelin increases from birth to maturity

27
Q

what diseases destroy myelin

A

multiple sclerosis and Lou Gehrig Disease

28
Q

neuroglia

A

support, nourish and protect neurons

29
Q

astrocytes

A

type of neuroglia in the CNS, most abundant, helps form blood brain barrier

30
Q

what does the blood brain barrier do

A

restricts passage of most substances into the brain

31
Q

can the blood brain barrier be broken down? If so how

A

yes. It has weak spots: “Area postrema”

vomiting center

32
Q

name all the types of neuroglia and which system they’re found in

A
  1. astrocytes (CNS)
  2. ependymal cells (CNS)
  3. microglia cells (CNS)
  4. oligodendrocytes (CNS)
  5. satellite cells (PNS)
  6. Schwan cells (PNS)
33
Q

ependymal cells

A

form cerebraspinal fluid, cushions brain and spinal cord

34
Q

microglia cells

A

phagocytes that engulf invading microbes, clear injured nerve tissue

35
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

produce and maintain myelin around CNS neurons

36
Q

satellite cells

A

support neuron in PNS

37
Q

Schwan cells

A

make myelin for PNS neurons

Human Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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