Unit 3: Notes 1 Flashcards

1
Q

name all functions of bones

A
  1. support soft tissue
  2. provides points of attachment for muscle
  3. protects internal organs
  4. assists in movement
  5. mineral homeostasis
  6. produces RBC
  7. triglyceride storage
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2
Q

name types of bones

A
  1. long bones
  2. short bones
  3. flat bones
  4. irregular
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3
Q

what are long bones?

A
  • greater length than width

- usually curved for strength

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4
Q

name some types of long bones

A
  • femur
  • tibia / fibula
  • radius / ulna
  • phalanges
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5
Q

what are short bones?

A
  • cube shaped

- nearly equal in length and width

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6
Q

name some types of short bones

A
  • carpals

- tarsals

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7
Q

what are flat bones ?

A
  • thin
  • afford considerable protection
  • provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment
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8
Q

name some types of flat bones

A
  • cranial
  • sternum
  • scapula
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9
Q

what are irregular bones ?

A

complex bones

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10
Q

what are some types of irregular bones ?

A
  • vertebrae

- facial bones

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11
Q

what are sesamoid bones?

A

small bones found at joints embedded

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12
Q

what are some types of sesamoid bones ?

A
  • patella

- under big toe

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13
Q

what is the structure of a long bone ?

A
  • diaphysis
  • epiphysis
  • metaphysis
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14
Q

what is the diaphysis?

A

shaft

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15
Q

what is the metaphysis?

A

mature bone between diaphysis and epiphysis

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16
Q

what does the metaphysis contain?

A

epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line

17
Q

what is the epiphyseal plate?

A

where hyaline cartilage found-where bone growth happens

18
Q

what is the epiphyseal line?

A

appears when bone growth stops

19
Q

what is epiphysis ?

A

the distal and proximal ends of bone

20
Q

what is the structure of long bone?

A
  • articular cartilage
  • periosteum
  • medullary cavity
  • endosteum
21
Q

what is articular cartilage ?

A
  • hyaline cartilage that covers part of the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint
  • reduces friction and absorbs shock
22
Q

what is the periosteum?

A
  • sheath of dense CT that surrounds the bone where there’s no cartilage
  • contains bone forming cells so bone grows in thickness
  • protects bone, nourishes bone, attachment point for ligaments and tendons
23
Q

what is the medullary cavity

A

-marrow cavity that contains fatty yellow bone marrow

24
Q

what is the endosteum ?

A
  • thin membrane lining cavity

- contains bone forming cells

25
Q

describe the microscopic bone structure

A

bone has extra cellular matrix surround spread out cells

26
Q

name all of the bone cells

A
  • osteogenic cells
  • osteoblasts
  • osteocytes
  • osteoclasts
27
Q

what are osteogenic cells?

A

-only bone cells that undergo mitosis and divide

28
Q

what are osteoblasts?

A

bone building cells

29
Q

what are osteocytes?

A

mature bone cells

30
Q

what are osteoclasts?

A

responsible for bone resorption (breakdown)