Unit 3: Notes 1 Flashcards
name all functions of bones
- support soft tissue
- provides points of attachment for muscle
- protects internal organs
- assists in movement
- mineral homeostasis
- produces RBC
- triglyceride storage
name types of bones
- long bones
- short bones
- flat bones
- irregular
what are long bones?
- greater length than width
- usually curved for strength
name some types of long bones
- femur
- tibia / fibula
- radius / ulna
- phalanges
what are short bones?
- cube shaped
- nearly equal in length and width
name some types of short bones
- carpals
- tarsals
what are flat bones ?
- thin
- afford considerable protection
- provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment
name some types of flat bones
- cranial
- sternum
- scapula
what are irregular bones ?
complex bones
what are some types of irregular bones ?
- vertebrae
- facial bones
what are sesamoid bones?
small bones found at joints embedded
what are some types of sesamoid bones ?
- patella
- under big toe
what is the structure of a long bone ?
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
- metaphysis
what is the diaphysis?
shaft
what is the metaphysis?
mature bone between diaphysis and epiphysis
what does the metaphysis contain?
epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line
what is the epiphyseal plate?
where hyaline cartilage found-where bone growth happens
what is the epiphyseal line?
appears when bone growth stops
what is epiphysis ?
the distal and proximal ends of bone
what is the structure of long bone?
- articular cartilage
- periosteum
- medullary cavity
- endosteum
what is articular cartilage ?
- hyaline cartilage that covers part of the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint
- reduces friction and absorbs shock
what is the periosteum?
- sheath of dense CT that surrounds the bone where there’s no cartilage
- contains bone forming cells so bone grows in thickness
- protects bone, nourishes bone, attachment point for ligaments and tendons
what is the medullary cavity
-marrow cavity that contains fatty yellow bone marrow
what is the endosteum ?
- thin membrane lining cavity
- contains bone forming cells
