Unit 5 MKP and vocab

Question 1

Social Contract

Answer 1

The agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government.

Question 2

Who created the Social Contract?

Answer 2

Thomas Hobbes

Question 3

Natural rights

Answer 3

The rights that all people are born with - John Locke.

Question 4

Separation of powers and who came up with it?

Answer 4

The assignment of executive, legislative, and judicial powers to different groups of officials in a government - Montesquieu

Question 5

Conservatives

Answer 5

Europeans who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies - rich people and novels - first half of 19th century.

Question 5

Bourgeoisie

Answer 5

The social order dominated by the land-owning class, soon became associated with the middle class.

Question 6

Liberals

Answer 6

In the first half of 19th century, Europeans who favored more political power to elected parliaments.

Question 7

Radicals

Answer 7

Europeans who favored drastic change to extend democracy to everyone first 19th century.

Question 8

Labor union

Answer 8

An organization of workers in a particular industry or trade, created to defend the interests of members (working conditions, wages) through strikes or negotiations wit employers.

Question 8

Manifesto

Answer 8

Public declaration of intentions, opinions, objectives, or motives issued by a government, sovereign, or organization.

Question 9

Nation-state

Answer 9

An independent nation of people having a common culture and identity …

Question 10

Nationalism

Answer 10

The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation – that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and history rather than to a king or empire

Question 11

Cottage industries

Answer 11

Small-scale industries that can be done at home. Usually women and using raw materials.

Question 12

Laissez-Faire capitalism

Answer 12

An economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a free-enterprise system to operate according to its own economic laws.

Question 13

What is the Proletariat

Answer 13

Working class whose only possession of significant material value is their labor-power. Marxist consider them to be oppressed.

Question 14

Utilitarianism

Answer 14

The doctrine that an action is right insofar as it promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct.

Question 14

Communism

Answer 14

AN economic and social system derived from the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century advocating class war to lead to communal ownership of property and the means of production.

Question 14

Socialism

Answer 14

Economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.

Question 15

Feminism

Answer 15

Social, political movements and ideologies that want to establish the equality of women and men.

Question 15

Abolitionism

Answer 15

The movement to end slavery.

Question 16

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 16

1769-1821 : Emperor of France. Took power through a coup. Was a hero of the French Revolution and his legal reform influenced other legal systems. Superior military commander.

Question 17

Adam Smith

Answer 17

Enlightenment thinker and author of “Wealth of Nations” founder of capitalism.

Question 18

Karl Marx.

Answer 18

1818-1883 Author of the Communist manifesto.

Question 18

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 18

American founding father, president, and principal author of the Declaration of Independence.

Question 18

Simon Bolivar

Answer 18

1783-1830 : Venezuelan who played a key role in the Latin American struggle for independence and laid foundations for democratic ideology.

Question 19

Baron Montesquieu

Answer 19

1689-1755 Enlightenment thinker who advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances.

Question 20

Jean Jacques Rousseau.

Answer 20

1712-1778 French philosopher whose ideas of the social contract influenced both the American and French revolutions.

Question 21

John Locke

Answer 21

1632-1704 English philosopher who believed all men were born with natural rights and the government should protect those rights aND the people could overthrow inept governments.

Question 22

Voltaire/Francois

Answer 22

French Enlightenment thinker and satirist who was a proponent for freedom of religion, expression, and separation of church and state 1694-1778

Question 23

James Watt

Answer 23

1736-1819 Scottish in enter remembered for his work with the steam engine.

Question 24

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 24

Minister president of Prussia and first Chancellor of Germany who led German unification efforts. Rose to major power.

Question 24

Camilo di Cavour

Answer 24

1810-1861 Leading figure in the Italian unification movement. First prime minister of Italy (briefly)

Question 24

Louis XVI

Answer 24

1754-1793 Last King of France. Tried to appease the enlighten ideals, but failed. Financial crisis helped fuel the French Revolution.

Question 25

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 25

Minister president of Prussia and first Chancellor of Germany who led German unification efforts in the 1860s-1870s.

Question 26

Henry Bessemer

Answer 26

1813-1898 English inventor whose easier, quicker, and cheaper steel making process would be the most important technique in making steel for almost 100 years.

Question 27

John Stuart Mill

Answer 27

British philosopher and political economist who was a proponent of utilitarianism and contributed to the scientific methodology, as well as the school of classical liberalism.

Question 28

Toussaint Louverture

Answer 28

1743-1803 Leader of the Haitian Revolution, transforming the early slave rebellion into a revolutionary movement that helped establish the first free black state in the Western hemisphere.

Question 29

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 29

1759-1797 Enlightenment thinker and advocate of women's rights (including women's education) who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women.

Question 30

Maximilien Robespierre

Answer 30

1758-1794 One of the most influential figures associated with the French Revolution. In the early years of the Revolution, he was an advocate for democratic institutions and the establishment of a French Republic but later became the leader of the Reign of Terror.

Question 31

Father Hidalgo

Answer 31

Spanish catholic priest, leader of the Mexican War of Independence and recognized at the father of the Nation - gave a famous speech in 1810 "Cry of Dolores" calling for the people to revolt against the Spaniards who had overthrown the Spanish viceroy.

Question 32

Sergei Witte

Answer 32

1849-1915 Key figure in Russian politics and responsible for attracting foreign capital to boost Russia's industrialization in the 19th and early 20th century.

Question 33

Samuel Slater

Answer 33

1768-1835 known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" -- brought the British textile technology to the US and modifying it for the US.

Question 34

Sultan Mahmud II

Answer 34

Ottoman Empire sultan who was responsible for putting it on the path to modernization with the Tanzimat Reforms and showed interest in westernizing the Ottoman state as well.