Unit 5 MKP and vocab Flashcards
Social Contract
The agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government.
Who created the Social Contract?
Thomas Hobbes
Natural rights
The rights that all people are born with - John Locke.
Separation of powers and who came up with it?
The assignment of executive, legislative, and judicial powers to different groups of officials in a government - Montesquieu
Conservatives
Europeans who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies - rich people and novels - first half of 19th century.
Bourgeoisie
The social order dominated by the land-owning class, soon became associated with the middle class.
Liberals
In the first half of 19th century, Europeans who favored more political power to elected parliaments.
Radicals
Europeans who favored drastic change to extend democracy to everyone first 19th century.
Labor union
An organization of workers in a particular industry or trade, created to defend the interests of members (working conditions, wages) through strikes or negotiations wit employers.
Manifesto
Public declaration of intentions, opinions, objectives, or motives issued by a government, sovereign, or organization.
Nation-state
An independent nation of people having a common culture and identity …
Nationalism
The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation – that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and history rather than to a king or empire
Cottage industries
Small-scale industries that can be done at home. Usually women and using raw materials.
Laissez-Faire capitalism
An economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a free-enterprise system to operate according to its own economic laws.
What is the Proletariat
Working class whose only possession of significant material value is their labor-power. Marxist consider them to be oppressed.
Utilitarianism
The doctrine that an action is right insofar as it promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct.
Communism
AN economic and social system derived from the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century advocating class war to lead to communal ownership of property and the means of production.
Socialism
Economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.
Feminism
Social, political movements and ideologies that want to establish the equality of women and men.
Abolitionism
The movement to end slavery.
Napoleon Bonaparte
1769-1821 : Emperor of France. Took power through a coup. Was a hero of the French Revolution and his legal reform influenced other legal systems. Superior military commander.
Adam Smith
Enlightenment thinker and author of “Wealth of Nations” founder of capitalism.
Karl Marx.
1818-1883 Author of the Communist manifesto.
Thomas Jefferson
American founding father, president, and principal author of the Declaration of Independence.
Simon Bolivar
1783-1830 : Venezuelan who played a key role in the Latin American struggle for independence and laid foundations for democratic ideology.
Baron Montesquieu
1689-1755 Enlightenment thinker who advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances.
Jean Jacques Rousseau.
1712-1778 French philosopher whose ideas of the social contract influenced both the American and French revolutions.
John Locke
1632-1704 English philosopher who believed all men were born with natural rights and the government should protect those rights aND the people could overthrow inept governments.
Voltaire/Francois
French Enlightenment thinker and satirist who was a proponent for freedom of religion, expression, and separation of church and state 1694-1778
James Watt
1736-1819 Scottish in enter remembered for his work with the steam engine.
Otto von Bismarck
Minister president of Prussia and first Chancellor of Germany who led German unification efforts. Rose to major power.
Camilo di Cavour
1810-1861 Leading figure in the Italian unification movement. First prime minister of Italy (briefly)
Louis XVI
1754-1793 Last King of France. Tried to appease the enlighten ideals, but failed. Financial crisis helped fuel the French Revolution.
Otto von Bismarck
Minister president of Prussia and first Chancellor of Germany who led German unification efforts in the 1860s-1870s.
Henry Bessemer
1813-1898 English inventor whose easier, quicker, and cheaper steel making process would be the most important technique in making steel for almost 100 years.
John Stuart Mill
British philosopher and political economist who was a proponent of utilitarianism and contributed to the scientific methodology, as well as the school of classical liberalism.
Toussaint Louverture
1743-1803 Leader of the Haitian Revolution, transforming the early slave rebellion into a revolutionary movement that helped establish the first free black state in the Western hemisphere.
Mary Wollstonecraft
1759-1797 Enlightenment thinker and advocate of women’s rights (including women’s education) who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women.
Maximilien Robespierre
1758-1794 One of the most influential figures associated with the French Revolution. In the early years of the Revolution, he was an advocate for democratic institutions and the establishment of a French Republic but later became the leader of the Reign of Terror.
Father Hidalgo
Spanish catholic priest, leader of the Mexican War of Independence and recognized at the father of the Nation - gave a famous speech in 1810 “Cry of Dolores” calling for the people to revolt against the Spaniards who had overthrown the Spanish viceroy.
Sergei Witte
1849-1915 Key figure in Russian politics and responsible for attracting foreign capital to boost Russia’s industrialization in the 19th and early 20th century.
Samuel Slater
1768-1835 known as the “Father of the American Industrial Revolution” – brought the British textile technology to the US and modifying it for the US.
Sultan Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire sultan who was responsible for putting it on the path to modernization with the Tanzimat Reforms and showed interest in westernizing the Ottoman state as well.
