Unit 4 Must know people and vocab Flashcards
Bartolemeu Dias time
1450-1500
Bartolemeu Dias
Portuguese explorer who sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488 and discovered the Cape of Good Hope.
Christopher Columbus
Explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean - opened up the Americas to European exploration. Sailed for the Spanish crown to find new trade route. 1451-1506
Hernan Cortes
1485-1547. Spanish conquistador who led an expedition into the Aztec Empire.
Prince Henry
Before Columbus. 1394 - 1460, Central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in 15th century European maritime exploration as the main initiator of the Age of Discovery. He sponsored voyages and established a school of navigation to train future explorers.
Francisco PIzarro times?
1471-1541
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish conquistador in South America who conquered the Incan Empire.
Vasco De Gama
Portuguese explorer. Commanded the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India.
Bartolemeu De las Casas
Spanish historian..after Dias. Spanish historian, social reformer, and Dominican friar who chronicled the first decades of Spanish colonization of the West Indies and focused on the atrocities committed by the colonizers.
Jacques Cartier
French explorer. First European to describe and map the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the shoes of St. Lawrence.
Where is saint lawerence?
Ontario canada
Philip II
- King of Spain when the Spanish empire reached its greatest extent, with the empire having territories in EVERY CONTINENT. He’s considered the model for absolute monarchy.
Doña Marina alternative?
La Malinche
Doña Marina
A native woman who played.a key role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, when she acted as an interpreter, advisor, and intermediary for Hernán Cortés.
Charles V reign?
1500-1558
Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Spanish Empire; by bringing together the two empires, he created an empire to be the first described as “the empire on which the sun never sets”
King Nzinga alt?
Afonso I..16th century
King Nzinga
Ruler of the kingdom of Kongo during the height of the Portuguese slave trade in the region. Converted to Christianity and adopted some Europeans ideas during his reign.
Queen Nzinga
Queen of Ndongo and Matamba in modern-day Angola(Africa) known for her political and diplomatic skills who struggled against Portuguese incursions into her kingdom.
Queen Nanny
18th century leader of the Jamaican Maroons(formally enslaved Africans). Used Guerilla war against the British in Jamaica. Defeated the British and signed a treaty with Queen Nanny and her followers in 1740.
Metacom
Chief of the Wampanoag people. Sought to live in harmony with the Puritan colonists, however forced to give major concessions to the English in 1671. Did fight against them 1675
Pugachev
Russian Cossack(peasant) leader of a popular insurrection during the reign of Catherine the Great. Pugachev’s rebellion failed and caused Russia to end reforms to emancipate the peasant serfs.
Conquistador
The Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas.
Triangular trade aka the Atlantic system
The transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in North America.
Colonialism
Policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its resources for the benefit of Colonial power.
Viceroy
Member of the nobility appointed to rule a country or province as the deputy of the sovereign - means in place of the king.
Colombian Exchange
Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas.
Commercialization
An economic system in which merchants trade and invest money in order to make a profit; prices are determined by supply and demand.
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sough5t to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than were purchased.
Joint-stock corporation
An association of individuals joined together in a business enterprise, with transferable shares of stock(certificates of ownership).
Coercive labor
A system where the workers are forced to work based on threats, pressure, or intimidation. Including slavery.
Encomienda
A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. Established a framework for relations based on economic dominance.
Mita alternative
Repartimiento
Mita
Forced labor system replacing Indian slaved and encomienda workers; used to mobilize labor for mines and other projects. European adaptation of the Inca system that required all able-bodied subjects to work for the state a certain number of days each year.
Indentured servitude
Labor system where a person is bound by indentures to work for another for a specified time, especially in return for payment of travel expenses.
Haciendas
Rural agricultural and herding estates; produced for consumers in America; basis for wealth and power of the local aristocracy.
Plantations/plantation system
A large estate, especially in a tropical country. Cash crops on coercive labor
Peninsulares
Spanish-born residents of the New World.
Creoles
Colonists who born in Latin America to Spanish parents in Spanish colonial society.
Castas
Spanish and Portuguese system of racial classification used in the 17th and 18th century mainly in Spanish America to describe the social hierarchy in the post-Conquest period
Mestizo
Mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
Mulattoes
Mixed Spanish and African ancestry
Middle passage
The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to North and South America, to be sold as slaves. Middle leg of triangular.
Chattel slavery
Concept of believing slaves were merely objects, not humans
Salt-water slaves
African born slaves
Creole slaves
American born descendants of salt-water slaves.
