UNIT 5 LEC: NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Question 1

NCDs are also known as

Answer 1

Chronic Diseases

Question 2

They are of _____ duration and generally _____ progression

Answer 2

long; slow

Question 3

A characteristic, condition, or behaviour that
increases the likelihood of getting a disease or injury

Answer 3

risk factors

Question 4

The risk factors can be either

Answer 4

modifiable or nonmodifiable

Question 5

Surveillance of non-communicable can be difficult because of

Answer 5

○ Lag time between exposure for a health condition
○ More than one exposure for a health condition
○ Exposure link to more than one health condition

Question 6

A risk factor that cannot be reduced or controlled
by intervention

Answer 6

nonmodifiable risk factors

Question 7

examples of nonmodifiable risk factors

Answer 7

age
gender
race
family history (genetics)

Question 8

examples of modifiable risk factors

Answer 8

tobacco use
unhealthy diet
physical inactivity
harmful use of alcohol

Question 9

kills up to half of its users

Answer 9

Tobacco

Question 10

caused by secondhand smoking

Answer 10

heart disease and lung cancer

Question 11

__% of the world’s population does not get
enough physical activity

Answer 11

31

Question 12

11.5% of all drinkers are

Answer 12

episodic, heavy drinkers

Question 13

Heavy drinking - on average

Answer 13

Male > 2 glasses
Female > 1 glass

Question 14

Binge drinking - single occasion

Answer 14

Male ≥ 5 glasses
Female ≥ 4 glasses

Question 15

refers to the biochemical processes
involved in the body’s normal functioning

Answer 15

Metabolic Risk Factors

Question 16

Top 1 Leading Non-Communicable Diseases (Mortality Rates) in the Philippines, both sexes, all ages

Answer 16

Cardiovascular Diseases

Question 17

disease of the blood
vessels supplying the heart muscle

Answer 17

Coronary Heart Disease

Question 18

disease of the blood
vessels supplying the brain

Answer 18

Cerebrovascular Disease

Question 19

disease of blood
vessels supplying the arms and legs

Answer 19

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Question 20

damage to the heart
muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever,
caused by streptococcal bacteria

Answer 20

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Question 21

malformations of heart structure existing at birth

Answer 21

Congenital Heart Disease

Question 22

blood clots in the leg veins, which can dislodge and
move to the heart and lungs

Answer 22

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

Question 23

”Novel” Risk Factors in CVD

Answer 23

Excess homocysteine in blood
Inflammatory
markers (C-reactive protein)
Abnormal blood coagulation (elevated blood levels of fibrinogen)

Question 24

A chronic disease that occurs either when the
pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when
the body cannot effectively use the insulin it
produces leading to hyperglycemia.

Answer 24

Diabetes mellitus

Question 25

Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in

Answer 25

middle- to low-income countries

Question 26

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is previously known as

Answer 26

insulin-dependent juvenile childhood-onset

Question 27

Characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily admins of insulin

Answer 27

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 28

Formerly called non-insulin-dependent, or adult-onset

Answer 28

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 29

A temporary condition that occurs in pregnancy and carries long-term risk of type 2 diabetes

Answer 29

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Question 30

Gestational diabetes mellitus is diagnosed through ________ screening, rather than through reported symptoms

Answer 30

prenatal

Question 31

Cancer is aka

Answer 31

malignant tumors and neoplasms

Question 32

A generic term for a large group of diseases due to the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries, and which can then invade adjourning parts of the body and spread to other organs

Answer 32

Cancer

Question 33

Causes of cancer

Answer 33

physical carcinogen chemical carcinogen biological carcinogen

Question 34

Risk factors of cancer

Answer 34

Biomedical factors Lifestyle factors Environmental factors

Question 35

causes T-cell leukemia

Answer 35

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1

Question 36

caused by Human Papillomavirus

Answer 36

Cervical cancer

Question 37

caused by Hepatitis B and C Virus

Answer 37

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 38

Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes

Answer 38

Kaposi's Sarcoma Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Question 39

Epstein-Barr Virus causes

Answer 39

Burkitt's lymphoma Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Question 40

Presented Cancer Prevention Recommendations

Answer 40

American Institute for Cancer Research

Question 41

Screening for cervical cancer (in low-income settings)

Answer 41

Visual Inspection with acetic acid

Question 42

Screening for cervical cancer (in middle- and high-income settings)

Answer 42

PAP Cytology

Question 43

HPV Testing is for _________ cancer screening

Answer 43

cervical

Question 44

Screening for breast cancer (in settings with strong or relatively strong health systems)

Answer 44

Mammography Screening

Question 45

Diseases of the airways and other structures of the lung

Answer 45

Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Question 46

Curable/Treatable: Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Answer 46

Treatable

Question 47

Causes sporadic breathing difficulties

Answer 47

Asthma

Question 48

Most common non-communicable disease among children

Answer 48

Asthma

Question 49

Characterized by a persistent reduction of airflow

Answer 49

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 50

COPD is caused by a mixture of:

Answer 50

Small airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) Parenchymal destruction (emphysema)

Question 51

A combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behavior, and relationships with others

Answer 51

Mental disorders

Question 52

Compromises a broad range of problems with different symptoms

Answer 52

Mental Disorders

Question 53

Leading cause of disability around the world

Answer 53

Depression

Question 54

A mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, concentration, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks

Answer 54

Bipolar Disorder

Question 55

Two episodes of Bipolar Disorder

Answer 55

Manic episode Depressive episode

Question 56

A severe mental disorder

Answer 56

Schizophrenia

Question 57

Types of Schizophrenia Symptoms

Answer 57

Positive Negative

Question 58

Begins in late adolescence or early adulthood

Answer 58

Schizophrenia

Question 59

A chronic or progressive nature; deterioration in cognitive function beyond what might be expected from normal aging

Answer 59

Dementia

Question 60

Caused by a variety of diseases and injuries that affect the brain

Answer 60

Dementia

Question 61

An umbrella term covering intellectual disability and pervasive developmental disorders

Answer 61

Developmental disorders

Question 62

Usually have a childhood onset but tend to persist into adulthood

Answer 62

Developmental disorder

Question 63

Developmental disorder is characterized by impairment of _____ across multiple developmental areas

Answer 63

skills