Unit 4 LEC: NUTRITION AND PUBLIC HEALTH Flashcards
Nutrition is essential for life, encompassing
________ and _________ aspects of accessing
necessary substrates and cofactors.
Biological ; Sociological
substances made from iodine; controls the metabolic functions such as temperature regulation
thyroid hormone
main component found in hemoglobin
iron
Vitamin A is important in the _______ system
immune
focuses on promoting and protecting health, preventing illness, and prolonging life through organized societal efforts
Public health nutrition
manifests as micronutrient
deficiencies, wasting, and stunting in childhood and
nutrition-related chronic diseases in adulthood
Undernutrition
Examples are obesity, type
2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and common
cancers
Nutrition-related chronic diseases
Function 1: The a________, s_________ and d_________ of
knowledge relating nutrition to health and
disease;
acquisition; synthesis; dissemination
Function 2: S_______ p________ to detect potential nutritional problems across the life course among the population, and to monitor
Surveillance programmes
Function 3: To m________ c______; evidence-informed policy development and implementation
monitor change
Professional nutritional practice requires t______ and e________ to apply nutrient requirements in
clinical and public health settings.
training; experience
They play a significant role in addressing undernutrition and chronic diseases globally.
Nutritionists
As societies undergo n_________ t__________, there is a rising burden of nutrition-related chronic diseases in less economically developed countries.
nutritional transition
are vital for promoting well-being and reducing the burden of nutrition-related diseases
Public health nutrition interventions
Understanding the body’s n_______ d_______ and
how different foods meet them is essential for
formulating effective nutrition policies.
nutritional demands
N_______ s______ applied to policy-making ensures a coherent response to maintain a healthy food supply during disruptions.
Nutrition science
Nutritional status indicator that covers body composition, BMI, arm circumference, and waist-hip ratio
Long-term
Nutritional status indicator that covers energy and nutrient balance, number of meals and servings, and refusal to eat
Short-term
Nutritional status indicator that covers biochemical parameters and functional parameters
Intermediate
Poor nutrition in the first _____ days of children’s lives can have irreversible consequences.
1,000
a severely stunted child faces a ____ times higher risk of dying, and a severely wasted child is at a ____ times higher risk.
4; 9
Under-nutrition can cause various diseases such as
blindness due to
Vitamin A deficiency
Under-nutrition can cause various diseases such as
neural tube defects due to
Folic acid deficiency
inadequate length/height for age
Stunting
inadequate weight for height
Wasting
inadequate weight for age
underweight
The circumference of the child’s upper arm half way between their shoulder and elbow
Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)
indication of acute malnutrition independent of the child’s age
Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)
If the child’s arm is less than _____cm in circumference, she is severely malnourished
11.5cm
If the child’s arm is between ____ and ____ cm in circumference, she is moderately malnourished.
11.5 and 12.5cm
Indicated MUAC values of 11.5 to 12.5 are appropriate for children from ___ to ____ months
6; 60
Anthropomorphic measurement
Weight-for-Length Reference Card
When assessing weight-for-height, infants and children ______ 24 months of age should have their lengths measured lying down (supine).
under
Children _____ 24 months of age should have their heights measured while standing
over
Infants and children under
____ cm can be measured lying down (or supine) and
those above ___cm standing.
87
the number of standard deviations (SD)
below or above the reference median value
z-score
reflects chronic under-nutrition during the
most critical periods of growth and development in
early life
Stunting
composite form of under-nutrition that includes elements of stunting and wasting.
Underweight
reflects acute under-nutrition
Wasting
Standards for child nutrition
WHO Child Growth Standards
SAM in children aged 6-60 months
WFH < -3SD
MUAC < 11.5cm
Bilateral oedema due to loss of albumin
weight for height is
above two standard deviations or above three standard deviations
Overweight
Low birth weight is defined as a weight of less than ______ grams at birth
2,500
relies on the identification of the causes of disease
Primary prevention
Components of PHN
Health protection
Health promotion
Healthcare services
Prevention approaches for optimal health
Personal prevention
Community-based prevention
System-based prevention
where food intake is written down, and calories and nutrients are monitored for good nutrition
Food Diary
Individuals with a vegetarian diet are usually low in _____
iron
Meaning of PEM
Protein Energy Malnutrition
a collaboration among personnel representing different disciplines of public health workers (nurses, social workers, physicians, daycare
workers, dietitians, and dietetic technicians)
interdisciplinary team
Channeling f____ and e_____ to problems that affect the lives of the largest numbers of people in a community
funds; energy
is the assurance/guarantee that food will not cause
harm to the consumers when it is prepared and/or
eaten according to its intended use
Food Safety
is a group of illness caused by any infectious
(bacteria, viruses and parasites) and non-infectious
agents (chemical, animal and plant toxins)
Food and Water-borne diseases
Fungi in peanuts
Alfatoxin
4 levels in the social determinants of health
individual, micro, meso, macro
biggest portion in the social determinants of health; shows how the government regulates nutrition via laws
Macro
part in the social determinants of health; involves what the people want in their diet and what they consider ‘normal’
Psychosocial and Cultural determinants
exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences
Food Security
Four pillars of food security
Availability
Accessibility
Utilization
Stability
main headquarter for research on rice
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
○ Domestic production
○ Import capacity
○ Food stocks
○ Food aid
Availability
○ Income, purchasing power, own production
○ Transport and market infrastructure
○ Food distribution
Accessibility
○ Food safety and quality
○ Clean water
○ Health and sanitation
○ Care, feeding and health seeking practices
Utilization
○ Weather variability, seasonality
○ Price fluctuations
○ Political factors
○ Economic factors
Stability
long-term or persistent food insecurity
Chronic Food Insecurity
short term and temporary food insecurity
Transitory Food Insecurity
falls between chronic and transitory food insecurity
Seasonal Food Security
occurs when there is a cyclical pattern of inadequate availability and access to food
Seasonal Food Security
_________ analysis suggests two main intervention options:
○ Reduce the degree of exposure to the hazard
○ Increase the ability to cope
Vulnerability
Meaning of 4Ps
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
T/F: All hungry people are food insecure, but not all food insecure people are hungry.
T
results from deficiencies, excesses or
imbalances in the consumption of macro- and/or
micronutrients.
Malnutrition
cause of hunger, lack of
adequate and proper nutrition
Poverty
“________ encompasses different dimensions of
deprivation that relate to human capabilities
including consumption and food security, health
education, rights, voice, security, dignity and
decent work.”
Poverty
record all food and beverages immediately before or after they are consumed
Dietary Records
Measurement of nutrient intake
Dietary Assessment
recalls actual food and beverage
consumption for the past 24 hr or the preceding day
24-Dietary Recall
for assessment of usual
meal patterns and details of food intake of an
individual
Diet History
a preprinted list of foods on which subjects are asked to estimate the frequency and
very often also the amount of habitual consumption
during a specified period
Food Frequency Questionnaire
biochemical indicators
measured in biological specimens
Biomarkers of intake
Monitors the progress of improvements
in the country with the money borrowed from them
World Bank
created as the
country’s policy-making and coordinating body on
nutrition
National Nutrition Council
Nutrition Month
July
PD that established the National Nutrition Council
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 491 (1974) - NUTRITION ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES
Code that informs the public about the proper use of breastmilk substitutes and
supplements and related products
EXECUTIVE ORDER 51 (1986) - MILK CODE
designed to prevent businesses that engage in fraud or specified unfair practices; Nutrition Facts labels
REPUBLIC ACT 7394 (1992) - “CONSUMER ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES”
to encourage the practice of breastfeeding
REPUBLIC ACT 7600 (1992) - “THE ROOMING-IN AND BREASTFEEDING ACT”
Contribute to the elimination of the micronutrient
malnutrition in the country, particularly iodine
deficiency disorders, through cost-effective preventive measure of salt iodization
REPUBLIC ACT 8172 (1995) - “ACT FOR SALT IODIZATION NATIONWIDE (ASIN LAW)
Goiter is caused by _____ deficiency
iodine
The program shall consist of (1) Voluntary Food Fortification and (2) Mandatory Food Fortification.
REPUBLIC ACT 8976 (2000) - “FOOD FORTIFICATION ACT”
Meaning of SPSP
Sangkap Pinoy Seal Program
The National Food Fortification Day is observed
annually on ____________, pursuant to EO _____.
November 7; 382
responsible for the
implementation and monitoring of the law
Department of Health (DOH)
serves as the policy-making body, particularly relative to
determining what food vehicles should be fortified and with what nutrients
National Nutrition Council
assists manufacturers in upgrading their
technologies by providing financial assistance
and other non-monetary assistance
Department of Trade and Industry
helps in developing and implementing
comprehensive programs for the acquisition,
design, and manufacture of machines and
technologies and their transfer to manufacturers
Department of Science and Technology
assist manufacturers by
providing preferential loans at preferential rates
Land Bank of the Philippines and Livelihood Corporation
An act strengthening and rationalizing the regulatory
capacity of the bureau of food and drugs BFAD by
establishing adequate testing laboratories and field
offices.
REPUBLIC ACT 9711 (2008) - “FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION ACT”
An act expanding the promotion of breastfeeding,
amending for the purpose republic act no. 7600; lactation stations
REPUBLIC ACT 10028 (2009) - “EXPANDED BREASTFEEDING PROMOTION ACT”
The framework
for implementing the farm to fork Food Safety
Regulatory System;
To strengthen the food safety regulatory system in
the country
REPUBLIC ACT 10611 (2013) - “FOOD SAFETY ACT”
a yearly campaign in the Philippines aimed at the importance of safe
and clean food. The week-long celebration falls every October and was proclaimed on August 1999 by virtue of Proclamation No. 160, signed by President Joseph Estrada
Food Safety Awareness Week
Recognizes the important role of registered
nutritionist-dietitians (RNDs) in nation building and
in human development through adequate nutrition
REPUBLIC ACT 10862 (2015) - “NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LAW OF 2016”
Strengthens the national and local health and
nutrition programs for pregnant and lactating
women, adolescent girls, infants and young children
in the first 1,000 days
“Scaling up”
REPUBLIC ACT 11148 (2018) - “KALUSUGAN AT NUTRISYON NG MAG-NANAY ACT”
seeks to impose a
PhP10. 00 excise tax per liter of volume capacity on
SSBs containing purely locally produced sugar and
PhP20;
Excise tax on sweetened beverages (SBs)
TRAIN LAW AND TAX ON SUGAR
aims to provide guidance to nutrition stakeholders
at the national and local levels, including
government agencies, development partners,
nongovernment organizations and civil society,
academe, and other partner organizations and
institutions on the conduct of high-impact activities
and strategies
Strategic Plan of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) Research Agenda 2022-2028
Meaning of PPAN
Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition
uses a food plate model to
show the recommended proportion of each food
group in each meal for the various population and
physiological groups
Pinggang Pinoy
Created Pinggang Pinoy
FNRI-DOST
