Unit 5: Land and Water Use

Question 1

level of food availability

Answer 1

1. famine
2. undernutrition
3. malnutrition
4. obesity

Question 2

famine

Answer 2

widespread death due to lack of food

Question 3

undernutrition

Answer 3

bodies aren’t getting enough calories to function

Question 4

malnutrition

Answer 4

not getting right type of calories (could get good amount but not enough protein/iron etc)

Question 5

obesity

Answer 5

too many calories

Question 6

what is the prob w food availbity

Answer 6

DISTRIBUTION (food supply is not the prob, there IS. enough food)

Question 7

food sources

Answer 7

agriculture(corn, wheat, rice)
meat (livestock, poultry)
fish

Question 8

green revolution

Answer 8

make plants grow faster and bigger

• monoculture
• fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorous)
• pesticides (protect our crops)

Question 9

what did malthus forget when creating his theory

Answer 9

that tech will save us

Question 10

monoculture

Answer 10

• one crop only (more vulnerable to pests)
• planted and harvested at same time (more profit, more chance for soil erosion)
• heavy use of fertilizers (can pollute run off)

*drains nutrients from soil

Question 11

industrial agriculture

Answer 11

• relies heavy on monoculture
• how most developed countries farm
• heavy use of fossil fuels
• ability to do large scale farming
• rely on plowing, irrigation, pesticides, monoculture, fertilizer, machinery

Question 12

irrigation methods

Answer 12

• furrow (evaporation and runoff)
• flood irrigation (waterlogging: raises water table, plants cant absorb oxygen through roots, evaporation loss) **rice
• salinization (due to evaporation, salts make soil toxic)
• overdraft (taking too much groundwater)

Question 13

more sustainable irrigation

Answer 13

drip irrigation (expensive but most efficient)

spray (less loss to evaporation but still expensive)

Question 14

Which irrigation technique would be best in a very dry climate?

Answer 14

drip

Question 15

sustainable agriculture methods

Answer 15

• intercropping (polyculture: 2 or more species at once)
• crop rotation
• organic farming

Question 16

organic farming

Answer 16

no synthetic pesticides

• ecological principles, tryna create ecosystem
• keep nutrients in soil

Question 17

What technique attempts to prevent erosion by having year round crops?

Answer 17

crop rotation

Question 18

ways to conserve soils

Answer 18

dont plow,

Question 19

way to protect against wind for soil–reduce soil erosion

Answer 19

windbreaks, bush wall

agroforestry (planting crops in between rows of trees, protect agianst wind and erosion)

terrace farming

contour plowing

Question 20

terrace farming

Answer 20

on steps, to save water from j sliding down

Question 21

contour plowing

Answer 21

plowing against slope, planting perpendicular to slope so that water rolls off to another row

Question 22

gmo benefits

Answer 22

• greater yield
• reduce pesticides
• add. nutrients

Question 23

gmo concerns

Answer 23

• inserting genes

- mess up biodiversity cuz ur making plants too competitie

Question 24

IPM

Answer 24

integrated pest management

Question 25

ipm goal

Answer 25

reduce chem pesticides and keep pest pop low

Question 26

methods of ipm

Answer 26

- bio control(use spiders to eat aphids) - multicultural, polyculture - physical methods(screens/scarecrow) - narrow spectrum pesticides (target a specific pest)

Question 27

narrow v broad pesticide

Answer 27

narrow- j for one type pest broad- kill alot of bugs(bad) *concern ab pesticides: biomagnification(more concentrated up the food chain)

Question 28

biomagnification

Answer 28

Toxins are found in higher concentrations at higher trophic levels (big fish eats small fish that had pesticide)

Question 29

whats important to remember when we feed our food

Answer 29

takes water land and energy to do it

Question 30

What type of food source requires the most amount of land and water to grow?

Answer 30

meat (beef is most)

Question 31

free range grazing

Answer 31

where animals graze on open fields for their entire lives

Question 32

what are pluses to free range

Answer 32

- better for animals - can do diff types of animals for same ground - less antibiotic (not so tightly backed so animals not getting as sick) - waste serves as fertilizer for crops - healthier for animals and humans cuz meat has better quality - less need to supply food - more sustainable

Question 33

problems to free range grazing

Answer 33

- need a lot of land aka more expsnive for farmers aka more expensive for consumers - waste isnt contained so it can get into runoff-waterways-disease in water - no control over animals=they'll overgraze=soil damage - animals walking over the free range can compact the soil, make it harder for water to move through soil

Question 34

desertification

Answer 34

soils have been damaged to the point where they can no longer support plan growth,

Question 35

CAFO

Answer 35

concentrated animal feeding operations

Question 36

what uses cafo

Answer 36

industrialized agriculture for meat

Question 37

cafo description

Answer 37

- high density environment - lots of antibiotics cuz they getting sick more - animals confined for whole life - lots of hormones cuz animals not moving and gaining muscle - waste is contained(waste lagoon or washes into stream)

Question 38

pros to CAFO

Answer 38

- meats high demand for meat - more product being made=more profit - more meat=more protein and vitamin

Question 39

cons to CAFO

Answer 39

- more waste (contamination of groundwater) - more animal=more methane=climate change - bad chemicals in us

Question 40

sustainable ways to eat meat

Answer 40

- eat local | - organic meats (no hormones or antibiotics)

Question 41

aquaculture

Answer 41

- efficient (low land/fuel use) - shrimp, oyster, fish - large waste - high levels of antibiotics to prevent disease