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APES > Unit 3: Populations > Flashcards

Unit 3: Populations Flashcards

1
Q

smallest to biggest ecological levels

A
  1. individual
  2. population
  3. community
  4. ecosystem
    If People Care Enough
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2
Q

population

A

all the individuals of a PARTICULAR SPECIES(10 bunnies)

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3
Q

individual

A

a singular type of species(1 bunny)

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4
Q

community

A

all the species interacting (2 bunnies, 2 bears, 2 birds)

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5
Q

ecosystem

A

community + abiotic factors(animals/plants + dirt, sand, air)

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6
Q

Things we look at in a population

A
  • size
  • density
  • pop. distribution

size doesn’t penis-dick

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7
Q

what factors affect population

A
  • reproduction rate

- resources

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8
Q

how to calculate density

A

of indiv/area

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9
Q

density dependent factors

A

impact size of population as a response to how dense the pop is(the more dense, the greater impact on size of pop) EX: disease(the more dense, the faster the disease can spread)

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10
Q

density independent factors

A

would happen regardless of how dense pop is

EX: natural disasters

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11
Q

population distribution

A

how spread out people are within the area

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12
Q

types of population distribution

A
  • nearly uniform (everyone equidistance) —– evidence of ppl trying to est. territory/hunting ground
  • random (not as common, no benefit, ex: weeds/generalist species)
  • clumped (schools of fish, hunting packs)
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13
Q

k selected v r selected SPECTRUM(species in between)

A 
k= quality care, few offspring 
r= quantity(no care) care, many offspring
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14
Q

k selected

A

-reproduce many times(give birth many seperate times)
-long lifespan
-SLOW population growth rate
-SLOW sexual maturity
-more likely TO BE DISRUPTED
EX: mammals, birds

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15
Q

r selected

A

-reproduce once
-short lifespan
-QUICK sexual maturity(high biotic potential)
-FAST population growth rate
-more likely TO BE INVASIVE
-better suited for fast changing env conditions
EX: insects, fish, plants

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16
Q

survivorship curves

A

show patterns of survival/lifespan
-fast drop in line=quicker die off
-slow drop in line=longer avg. lifespan(live till old age/die of old age)
(doesn’t have years on bottom j cuz all have diff lifespans)

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17
Q

type 1 survivorship curve

A

Ex: humans w access to medicine (most of the time will see species w same curve BUT depends on location, develop v nondevelop countries)
-rapid decrease at the end(die of old age)

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18
Q

type 2 survivorship curve

A

constant death rate(linear negative line down)
-equally likely to die at any age
EX: squirrels

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19
Q

type 3 survivorship curve

A

EX: weeds

-die alot

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20
Q

what type of curve do K species have

A

type 1 (good parental care makes sure they live long)

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21
Q

what type of curve do R species have

A

type 3(bad parental care doesn’t help them live)

22
Q

carrying capacity(K)

A

maximum population that a habitat can support over a given period of time

23
Q

what pushes exponential growth forward

A

biotic potential

24
Q

What keeps a population from exponentially growing infinitely

A

environmental resistance, keeps the carrying capacity down

25
Q

examples of environmental resistance a.k.a. keeping population down

A

predation, disease, competition

26
Q

what keeps exponential growth up

A

food, resources, space

27
Q

how does the fact that resources are finite impact population

A
  • can’t have exponential growth forever

- lack of resources increases competition

28
Q

exponential growth

A

j curve, constantly going up and can continue to grow forever if there are enough resources

29
Q

logistic growth

A

s curve, looks like j curve in the beginning but there’s an asymptote keeping the population down

30
Q

what made population growth grow in the first place

A

agriculture revolution (feed more ppl at one time, grow more food)

31
Q

what is causing population to flatten out

A

lack of space water and food

32
Q

what led to the exponential growth of human population

A

medicine sanitation tech

33
Q

prophecy of malthus

A

predicted widespread death and famine (food growing linear, population growing exponentially =point they jnterestect bad things happen)

34
Q

why do ppl disagree with malthus

A

tech will save us (gmo foods, agriculture tech)— we’ll make enough food to survive

35
Q

what types of countries have high IPAT scores

A

developed countries (US, china) — india’s would b lower bc even tho big population they’re not rich/big tech

36
Q

what does IPAT measure

A

impact on the worlds resources and environment

Impact = pop size x affluence x tech

37
Q

will TFR be lower or higher if u have kids late

A

lower because there is less time to have more kids after that

38
Q

what factors influence total fertility rate

A
  • how old women are when they have their first child
  • educational opportunities for women(women valued more/occupied by work so they’re not j baby makers)
  • access to family planning(understand sex ed)
39
Q

What does infant mortality look at

A

number of children per 1,000 live births who die before one year of age

40
Q

what does TFR mean

A

total fertility rate: the average number of children a woman has

41
Q

What does CBR mean

A

crude birth rate: number of births per 1000 people

42
Q

why do countries w low infant mortal y rate have high tfr

A

trying to have more kids cuz they know they’re gonna die cuz lack of medical resources —- results: high percent of pop under 15 bc having lots of kids — results those 15 yr olds will reach reproductive age

43
Q

who has higher percentage of old ppl, developed or developing

A

developed has higher because they have the resources(social security, medicine) to keep old people live

44
Q

what TFR rate would result in no population growth

A

2 because those two kids will replace mom and dad a.k.a. they’ll cancel out

45
Q

what will you always see in an age structure diagram

A

A tapering at the top because we don’t live forever

46
Q

what does a wide base in a population pyramid mean

A

The population is growing rapidly, there are a lot of babies a.k.a. young people

47
Q

big gaps between 0-5 and 5-10 means?

A

hi infant mortality rate. Babies aren’t living to become children

48
Q

What type of country has slow growth

A

developed, the discrepancies between the lower age tiers are smaller a.k.a. people are living to old age

49
Q

shape of a zero growth pyramid

A

bullet shaped, mainly developed countries (0-5 and 5-10 is basically even)

50
Q

shape of declining population pyramid

A

kit shape, big top small bottom, developed countries (Bad because there will be no young people to fill jobs and take care of old people)- negative impacts on economy

51
Q

what is replacement fertility

A

a little more than 2, u need to replace mom and dad and extra deaths

APES (5 decks)

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