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APES > Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources > Flashcards

Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources Flashcards

1
Q

layers of the earth

A

crust (solid)
lithosphere (all solid - all crust and upper most solid mantle)
asthenosphere (semi liquid mantle, has convection currents)
mantle (solid and liquid)
core (solid and liquid)

CLAMC

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2
Q

which layer do we know most about

A

crust, super thin

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3
Q

support for plate tectonics

A
  • shape of continents (Pangea puzzle pieces)
  • similar rock formations across continents
  • similar fossils across continents
  • age of oceanic rocks
  • magnetic pattern in rocks
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4
Q

mid ocean ridge

A

divergent boundary where MAGMA can come out and make relatively new rocks —— further away u get from the ridge, the rocks get older (supporting that they move)

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5
Q

types of movement

A
  • divergent (spreading, ex: mid ocean ridge)
  • convergent (subduction, over riding)
  • transform (sliding, ex: san andres fault)
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6
Q

what happens when an oceanic plate hits a continental

A

oceanic will go UNDE CONTINENTAL bc oceanic is dense— SUBDUCTION

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7
Q

what is the product of overriding (convergent boundaries on LAND)

A

mountains

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8
Q

most uncommon movement

A

transform

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9
Q

which types of movement makes earthquakes, which ones are the strongest

A

ALL 3 make quakes, CONVERGENT STRONGEST ONES

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10
Q

which type of boundary makes new crust

A

divergent

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11
Q

what is a good climate regulater

A

oceans

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12
Q

what absorbs heat rlly well

A

oceans

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13
Q

what drives ocean currents

A

density differences (cold and salty water is dense. warm water is less dense/surface)

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14
Q

global conveyor belt

A

the single giant current of the worlds ocean that TRANSFERS HEAT

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15
Q

watershed

A

area of land that drains to a common body of water

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16
Q

what impacts watershed

A

slope- impacts direction of water
soil type- whether water is absorbs or run offs
vegetation- anchoring soil and preventing erosion/runoff

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17
Q

what layer does weather/global warming/greenhouse/ air pollution occur

A

troposphere

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18
Q

where is ozone layer found

A

at the top of stratosphere

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19
Q

why is ozone important

A

protects us from UVs

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20
Q

where do northern lights occur

A

thermosphere

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21
Q

climate

A

long-term average temperature and precipitation

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22
Q

what impacts weather

A
  • sun angle
  • geologic features (mountains-clouds and rain on one side w deserts on the other, oceans)
  • cities (urban pavement absorbs heat)
23
Q

what side does rain occur on mountain

A

wayward (wind going up and forming clouds)

24
Q

where do convection currents occur

A

asthenosphere, that’s what moves the crust plates around

25
Q

divergent

A

ocean to ocean: mid ocean ridge, plates moving away from eachother in asthenosphere, magma comes up and forms new rock, little hump

continental away continental: land spreads and makes valley, hole, volcanoes made–could spread so far that a new plate is made

26
Q

convergent boundary

A

ocean to ocean: makes island volcanic arc cuz happens in the middle of the ocean, OLDER GOES UNDER YOUNGER

to land : ocean plates are dense so subduction happens (ocean goes under continental into the asthenosphere)

land to land: neither plate is denser than the other so they override and make mountains

27
Q

soil layers

A 
Oliver -hummus
Ate.   -topsoil
Emily.   -eluviation
Behind.   -subsoil
Chunky         -regolith 
Rocks.            -bedrock
28
Q

where does soil start

A

from the rock at r horizon, parent soil

29
Q

first stage of soil formation

A

weathering, breaking your rock at c horizon

after weathered material, lichen and moss can help break down and die and add organic components

30
Q

third step of soil

A

organic material, humus, o horizon

31
Q

4th step of soil

A

a horizon organics and minerals from plant material

32
Q

5th step of soil

A

B horizon, collection zone (accumulation)

water percolates through soil and builds of minerals and clay

33
Q

6th sometimes step of soil

A

E horizon, leaching water and pulls out nutrients to give to b horizon— path through and doesn’t have nutrients

34
Q

soil types smallest to biggest

A

clay. (can’t)
silt (sit)
sand (still)
loam(combo of all types) (long)

35
Q

sand

A

largest particle. Good infiltration, poor water holding and poor nutrient holding

36
Q

silt

A

medium particle. Medium infiltration, water and nutrient holding 

37
Q

clay

A

smallest particle. Slow infiltration

good water and nutrients holding

38
Q

loam

A

Best for farming blend of pros and cons

39
Q

Soil properties

A

texture, porosity(water and nutrients holding), permeability, chemical make up(fertility)

40
Q

primary reason for climate

A

uneven heating of surface bc of earth axis

41
Q

what effects dryness and wetness in climates

A

atmospheric convection currents

42
Q

what impacts climate

A

uneven heating of surface, Coriolis effect, atmospheric convection currents, ocean currents

43
Q

convection

A

heat rises

44
Q

global air circulation

A

lot of heat at the equator, making air less dense which makes it rise, goes into the trophosphere where it cools, when it cools it sinks

cold air from poles fights hot air from equator, as a result rainfall is highest at rising air(middle and 60 degree north and out)

45
Q

why is warm air more moist

A

warm air heats up bodies of water, making the water molecules rise and add moisture to it

cold air is dry bc there is less water the air can hold before it condenses and falls into earth

46
Q

what ocean does el niño happen

A

PACIFIC specific pacific

47
Q

EL NIÑO

A

WARM EVERYWHERE, trade winds stop so warm water isn’t j pushed to asia it spreads

48
Q

la niña

A

trade winds ARE SUPER STRONG so warm water is pushed to asia. bc warm water leaves america and goes to asia there is open space for cold water to fill(upwelling)

49
Q

upwelling

A

cold water goes up, la niña means EXTRA UPWELLING EXTRA COLD WATER ON THE PACIFIC COAST

50
Q

what causes el niño and la niña to happen

A

we don’t know NO PATTERN

51
Q

what is weather like during el niño

A

extra wet bc it’s extra warm in america and the air will rise and make rain

52
Q

what is particular about transforming boundaries

A

nothing is created or destroyed

53
Q

which boundary makes trenhes

A

convergent, ocean trenches are raised areas cuz subduction

APES (5 decks)

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