Unit 5 - Industrialization and Integration Flashcards
Through a process known as _______, public lands that were shared during the Middle Ages were enclosed by fences, which allowed for private farming and private gain
Enclosure
The industrial revolution began in this country, helping to propel it to it’s undisputed ranking as the most powerful in the 19t century
Britain
Cities developed in areas where resources, such as (4) were available for manufacturing.
Coal, iron, water, and railroads
What was one of the most significant developments in the Industrial Revolution?
the Steam Engine
-took the work of several people to perfect
Why was the steam engine revolutionary?
It could not only be used to generate power for industry but also for transportation.
This was invented in 1837 by Samuel Morse. It allowed people to communicate across great distances within seconds.
The Telegraph
This was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell.
The Telephone
This was invented in 1879 by Thomas Edison
The Lightbulb
This was invented in 1885 by Gottlieb Daimler
The Internal Combustion Engine
This was invented in the 1890s by Marconi Guglielmo
The Radio
This was inventede in 1903 by Orville and Wilbur Wright. It travels faster than a steamship.
The Airplane
Who developed the concept of evolution by means of natural selection?
Charles Darwin.
Under Eli Whitney’s system of ________ _____, machines and their parts were produced uniformly so that they could be easily replaced when something broke down.
interchangeable parts
Henry Ford’s use of the __________ _____ meant that each factory worker only added one part to a finished product, one after another after another.
Assembly Line
He wrote in The Wealth of Nations that economic prosperity and fairness is best achieved through private ownership.
Adam smith
Individuals should own the means of production and sell their products and services in a free and open market, where the demand for their goods and services would determine their price and availability
What is the process called in which governments remove themselves entirely from regulation?
Laissez-faire capitalism
What did Adam smith write his book in response to?
The Western European mercantilist practices that had dominated during the age of exploration
This German economist and philosopher, who spent a food part of his adult life living in poverty, pointed out that the factory workers had genuine opportunities but were being exploited as a consequence of capitalism
Karl Marx
These groups of workers destroyed equipment in factories in the middle of the night to protest working conditions and pitiful wages in England in the early 1800s.
Liffites
Where did the industrial revolution start?
England
What was the purpose of most European countries established colonies in the Americas
The purpose of these colonies was mostly to supply crops and products that could be sold in Europe.
What was the most important document of the French Revolution?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
This country was unique in that it was the first African-run state in the Americas
Haiti
Germany, which had also been characterized by competing mini-empires, began to unite under the ________, led by King Wilhelm I and his prime minister, Otto von Bismarck. By 1871, Germany was a new country.
Prussians
Many historians call the 19th century this, because schools of thought started appearing left and right.
The era of isms
Who published The Wealth Of Nations?
Adam amith
This was the theory that there was a finite amount of wealth in the world that merchants were moving around. As a result, the only trade governments wanted was imbalanced trade.
Mercabtilism
Who published the communist manifesto in 1848
Karl marx
A social movement called this believed that industrial society was fundamentally harmful to the happiness of humankind. It advocated for the complete dissolution of the ties between citizen and state as well as between employer and employee. It called instead for an ideal society in which everyone provided for themselves and followed their own impulses. They were involved, sometimes violently, in many labor demonstrations.
anarchism
A series of laws in British Parliament, known collectively as the ________ _____, severely limited the amount of work that children could do in factories. By 1901, it was illegal to employ workers under the age of 12.
the Factory Acts
The successful revolt of 13 of Britain’s colonies, which then formed a republic.
American Revolution
The overthrow of France’s king to create a secular republic.
French Revolution
The early leader of the French Revolution, known for public executions of his enemies.
Maximilien Robespierre
A military general of the French Revolution who seized power as Emperor of France.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Acts that prohibited child labor in British factories.
Factory Acts
A Prussian politician who unified Germany.
Otto von Bismarck
A political and economic theory that advocates that the means of production should be shared equally among all in society.
Socialism
an economic system in which a country’s industry and commerce are controlled by private interests for profit.
Capitalism
The founding philosopher of socialism
Karl Marx
The founding philosopher of capitalism.
Adam Smith
The belief that the world should be divided up into nation-states.
Nationalism
A movement advocating for the rights and equality of women.
Femenism
A movement advocating for the end of employer-employee relations as well as all states.
Anarchism
A company founded in the 17th century that would later conquer India
British East India Company
A mutiny of the British East India Company’s troops.
Sepoy Mutiny
Leader of the Haitian Revolution
Toussaint Louverture
Major player in anti-Spain revolutions in both Central America and South America. Considered the founding father of Venezuela.
Simon Bolivar
Two wars fought over the 19th century in response to Chinese resistance to European merchants, particularly opium traders.
Opium Wars
A large pseudo-Protestant rebellion in China in the 1850s.
Taiping Rebellion
A war between Russia and Japan in which Japan emerged the victor.
Russo-Japanese War
The period following the Emperor of Japan’s overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate. Notable for the rapid industrialization of Japan.
Meiji Restoration
The author of an early proto-feminist document during the French Revolution called The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.
Olympe de Gouges
When did British outlaw slavery?
1833
When was the slave trade abolished
No new slaves were transported from Africa
1807
When did women gain the right to vote in the unite states?
1920
King of Sardinia
Prime minister of Sardinia
Victor Emmanuel II
Court Camillo Cavour
