Unit 2 - Organization And Reorganization Flashcards
This dynasty ruled china from 221 to 207 BCE. It was notable for reuniting the old Zhou kingdom as well as conquering several new areas of Central china. It was also notable for standardizing weights, measures, writing, and for building the Great Wall
Qin dynasty
Literally, “The First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty,” he was also the first non mythical person to take the title of “emperor” in china
Qin shi huangdi
This dynasty ruled 206 BCE to 220 CE. This Confucian dynasty established a long period of unity in China. They are notable for completing the Qin’s standardization of language, creating the system of Chinese characters used up to the modern day. They also established the precedent of a large, self regulating bureaucracy
Han dynasty
The official ideology of Chinese courts from the Han dynasty until 1911. It places and emphasis on hierarchy, education, and just governance. Founded by Confucius (551 - 479 BCE)
Confucianism
Originally a philosophy founded in the sixth century BCE, this has since accrued many spiritual and religious aspects. It emphasizes being in harmony with oneself and nature
Daoism
The official ideology of the Qin dynasty. Very similar to totalitarianism, it places an emphasis on the need for the government to harshly punish or execute people for the smallest moral infractions
Legalism
A network of land and sea routes connecting china with the rest of Afro-Eurasia
Silk road
A very diverse religion with many vastly different denominations. It developed out of Vedism and places value on communing with Brahman, the divine “reality” underneath the real world
Hinduism
The founder of Buddhism, lived from 563 - 483 BCE
Siddhartha Gautama Buddha
A term later applied to the John concepts of jati (occupational group), in which persons born into on occupation were considered destined to perform that occupation
Caste system
A ruler of the Maurya Empire in India, he is most known for converting to and spreading Buddhism. Lived from 304 - 232 BCE.
Ashoka
The first empire to unify most of India, Pakistan, and Burma. It lasted from 332 BCE to 185 BCE.
Maurya empire
A large and influential Indian empire, it ruled Pakistan and the north of India from 320 to 550 CE
Gupta empire
Greek name for an independent city state
Polis
A large and powerful city-state, it was known for a limited form of democracy in which a small portion of the population (male landowners) voted in the public square on every major issue
Athens
A large and powerful city-state, it was ruled by kings, who were sometimes selected by a general assembly. All male citizens in this city state trained for the army, leaving work to the Slavs (two-thirds of their population)
Sparta
A Macedonian ruler raised in Greece. He would later conquer most of the Achaemenid empire.
Alexander the Great
The Greek cultural influences seen in the Middle East, Central Asia, and India following Alexander the Great’s conquests.
Hellenism
The government of early Rome, in which citizens voted on senators to represent them. Overthrown by a series of dictators in 27 BCE
Roman republic
The new government in Rome, after 27 BCE, in which the senate was subservient to an emperor
Roman empire
Ruled the Roman Empire from 306 to 337 CE. Legalized Christianity and built a new capital at Constantinople.
Comstantine
Lived from 6 BCE or 4 BCE to the late 20s or early 30s CE. Founder of Christianity, “jesus” is actually the Greek form of his name, which was the Hebrew name Yehosua (Joshua)
Jesus of Nazareth
Culture of several city states in southern Mexico and Central America. Declined in the 8th an 9th centuries CE.
Maya
This dynasty abolished feudalism, instituted a centralized govt, and was one of the briefest chinese dynasties
Qun
3 major precedents of Qin
Strong emperor
Large bureaucracy
Expanded territory to vietnam
This was a state sponsored alternative to Confucianism and Taoism in Qin.
- petiole are basically evil - must be kept in line with strict laws
Legalism
The government bureaucracy grew stronger in this Chinese dynasty (200BCE - 220 CE)
Han
The territory expanded to Central Asia, Korea, and indochina in this dynasty
Han
True or false:
The threat of the Huns was not as significant in Han china as in Europe, and a time of peace settled across China.
True
True or false: unification of china was a main goal in Han China
True
What led to a peasant uprising in 184 BCE china?
Taxes grew to high (Han)
Who was the greatest ruler of the Mauryan empire?
Ashoka
Why did the Mauryan empire collapse
Attacks from putsiders
True or false:
The Gupta empire had a more decentralized govt that Mauryan and others
True
What led to much order in the Gupta empire?
Caste system/Hinduism
Two major city states of Greece
Athens and aoarta
These wars (492-479) led to Athenian dominance
Persian Wars
What war followed the Persian wars?
Peloponnesian war
True or false: the Qin dynasty constructed roads
True
True or false: Qin helped spread Buddhism
True
How did Greece gain wealth and power?
Through trade and a strong navy
500 CE
to improve transportation and communication across the vast empire, the Persians built a series of long roads. The longest was the _________, which stretched some 1600 miles from the Persian gulf to the Aegean Sea
Great royal road
True or false: Greece replaced the barter system with money system
True
Money invented by lydians
True or false
Alexander conquered the Persian empire
True
This Opened trade to Hellenistic world
Which empire Paper Sundials/calendars Ox drawn plows Collar
Han
Who first came up with the concept of being innocent until proven guilty?
The Romans
What is the greatest epic poem of India?
Mahabarata
This empire was the classical age of India
Guptas
Who introduced the caste system in India
Aryans
What were the 3 social groups in Greece?
citizens
free people
non citizens/slaves
The belief that gods and goddesses inhabited natural features
Animism
-Africa, islands of Polynesia
The Hebrews were not Jews until when?
the 900s BCE
Under Roman rule, Judaism gave birth to what new religion?
Christianity
Like many Middle Eastern religions, Judaism practiced what?
Slavery
True or False:
Judaism was a missionary religion
FALSE
Judaism was not a missionary religion
-Did little to attempt to convert non-Jews
What was the first monotheistic religion that gave way to Christianity?
Judaism
What is the principal religion of India?
Hinduism
Where did Hinduism spread? (3)
Southeast Asia
Malay Peninsula, islands of Indian Ocean
Vietnam/Cambodia - some adopted Sanskrit
During the Mauryan Empire, which religion gained more power over Hinduism?
Buddhism
During Gupta, what religion was reestablished?
Hinduism
This grand epic of 90,000 stanzas is the longest poem in the world, and is about a great war between two royal houses. It lectures on moral duty
Mahabharata