Unit 5 Femur and Pelvic Girdle Flashcards
What is another term for the outlet of the true pelvis?
inferior aperture
Congenital hip dislocation (dysplasia) for pediatrics:
bilateral modified Cleaves method
For the Taylor method (AP axial outlet), what is the CR angle for males?
20-35 cephalad
For the Taylor method (AP axial outlet), what is the CR angle for females?
30-45° cephalad
For the Taylor method (AP axial outlet), where is the CR directed at?
1-2 inches below superior border of symphysis pubis/greater trochanter
For the Taylor method (AP axial outlet), what is the kVp range?
80-90
Why do we perform the frog-leg projection (modified Cleaves method)?
to visualize femoral heads and necks, acetabulum, and trochanter areas
dysplasia of hips/congenital hip dislocation
Is the Clements-Nakayama (modified axiolateral) for traumatic or nontraumatic procedures?
possible traumatic
What projection would we use for a pelvic inlet fracture?
AP axial inlet of pelvis
For the Judet method (posterior oblique), how do you place the patient?
45° posterior oblique with pelvis 45° from tabletop with support
For the Judet method (posterior oblique), what is the positioning required for the acetabulum to be visualized?
CR centered 2 inches distal and medial to ASIS
For the Judet method (posterior oblique), what is the positioning required for the pelvic ring to be visualized?
CR to 2 inches distal to upside ASIS
What indication may result in the early fusion of the SI joints?
ankylosing spondylitis
How do you set up for the Danelius-Miller method (axiolateral inferosuperior) and where is the CR?
pt supine with affected leg rotated internally 15°
(unaffected knee and hip flexed and elevated)
CR horizontal, perpendicular to femoral neck area
What does the AP axial inlet projection demonstrate on a radiograph?
pelvic ring/inlet in its entirety
What does the AP axial outlet projection demonstrate on a radiograph?
superior/inferior rami of pubis and ramus of ischium
Which of the following landmarks is not a palpable bony landmark?
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
ischial tuberosity
ASIS
lesser trochanter
What does the pelvic inlet projection demonstrate?
posterior displacement of pelvic ring or superior aperture
How do you angle for males and females for the AP axial inlet projections?
40° caudad
The pubic arch angle on an average male pelvis is an _______ angle that is _______________ 90°
acute; less than
Male or female pelvis?
heart shaped (oval) inlet
male
Male or female pelvis?
acute pubic arch (less than 90°)
male
Male or female pelvis?
iliac wings that are more flared
female
Male or female pelvis?
obtuse pubic arch (greater than 90°)
female
Male or female pelvis?
iliac wings that are less flared
male
Male or female pelvis?
larger and more rounded inlet
female
What position of the abdomen should be used in an acute abdomen series if the patient cannot stand?
left lateral decubitus
What projection best demonstrates any possible free air within the abdomen?
left lateral decubitus
role of nasopharynx:
houses auditory tube and pharyngeal tonsils
role of oropharynx:
contains palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils
role of laryngopharynx:
narrows to join the esophagus
malignancy spread to bone via circulatory and lymphatic systems or direct invasion
metastatic carcinoma
What should be seen on an AP pelvis radiograph?
greater trochanter in profile
What should not be seen on an AP pelvis radiograph?
lesser trochanter
What is the acute abdomen series for a three-view abdomen?
AP supine (KUB)
AP erect
PA chest
What is the acute abdomen series for a two-view abdomen?
AP supine (KUB)
left lateral decubitus
What are the joints of the pelvis?
hip joint
sacroiliac
symphysis pubis joint
What device should be used for an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip to equalize density of the hip region?
wedge compensating filter
Which two bony landmarks need to be palpated for hip localization?
ASIS and symphysis pubis
An AP pelvis radiograph shows possible fractures involving the lower anterior pelvis. The emergency room physician asks for another projection to better demonstrate this area of the pelvis. The patient must remain in a supine position. Which projection should be taken?
AP axial outlet (Taylor method)
A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of a hip demonstrates soft tissue density that is visible across the affected hip and acetabulum. The artifact is obscuring the image of the proximal femur. What is the most likely cause of the artifact, and how can it be prevented from showing up on the repeat exposure?
tissue from unaffected thigh. elevate and flex leg.
A unilateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves) demonstrates foreshortening of the femoral necks. The physician is unsure if there is a defect within the anatomic neck. What can be done to minimize distortion of the neck during a repeat exposure?
abduct femur 20-30° vertically
A radiograph of an AP shows that the lesser trochanter is not visible. Should the technologist repeat the procedure? Why?
no because the lesser trochanter needs to not be visible
A young patient with a clinical history of SCFE comes to the radiology department. Which projection(s) are most often taken for this condition?
AP pelvis and bilateral frog-leg
