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RTE1503 Radiographic Procedures > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Terminology, positioning, and imaging principles

1
Q

What are the four basic types of tissue in the human body?

A

connective, muscular, nervous, and epithelial

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2
Q

How many bones are in the body?

A

206

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3
Q

Which of the following systems distributes oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body?

A

circulatory

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4
Q

Which of the following systems maintains the acid-base balance in the body?

A

urinary

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5
Q

Which of the following systems is considered to be the largest organ system in the body?

A

integumentary

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6
Q

The two divisions of the human skeleton are _____ and ______________.

A

axial and appendicular

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7
Q

Which portion of the long bones is responsible for the production of red blood cells?

A

spongy or cancellous

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8
Q

What type of tissue covers the ends of the long bones?

A

hyaline or articular cartilage

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8
Q

What bones make up the axial skeleton? and how many?

A

skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs
80

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9
Q

The narrow space between the inner and outer table of the flat bones in the cranium is called the ______.

A

diploe

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10
Q

What is the primary center for endochondral ossification in long bones?

A

diaphysis (body)

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10
Q

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton? and how many?

A

limbs, shoulder and pelvic girdles
126

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11
Q

What is the name of the secondary growth centers of endochondral ossification found in long bones?

A

epiphyses

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12
Q

The aspect of long bones where bone growth in length occurs is the:

A

metaphysis

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13
Q

short bone examples:

A

tarsals and carpals

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14
Q

long bone examples:

A

femur, humerus

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15
Q

flat bone examples:

A

sternum, scapulae, calvarium, ribs

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16
Q

irregular bone examples:

A

vertebrae, pelvic bones, facial bones, limbs

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17
Q

plane (gliding) joints do what?

A

slide or glide

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18
Q

ginglymus (hinge) joints do what?

A

permit flexion and extension

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19
Q

pivot (trochoidal) joints do what?

A

allow rotational movement around a single axis

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20
Q

ellipsoidal (condyloid) joints do what?

A

allow limited rotation (flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and circumduction)

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21
Q

saddle (sellar) joints do what?

A

allow movement of extension/flexion, adduction/abduction, and circumduction

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22
Q

ball and socket (spheroidal) joints do what?

A

allow for greatest freedom of motion around many number of axes, w one common center

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23
Q

bicondylar joints do what?

A

provide movement in a single axis and permit limited rotation

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24
Q

Which of the following joints is classified as trochoidal?

a. wrist
b. metacarpophalangeal
c. distal radioulnar joint
d. shoulder

A

C

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25
Q

Which of the following joints is ellipsoidal?

a. wrist
b. interphalangeal
c. ankle
d. hip

A

B

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28
Q

Which of the following joints is classified as bicondylar?

a. metacarpophalangeal
b. first carpometacarpal joint
c. proximal radioulnar joint
d. knee

A

d

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29
Q

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

A

coronal

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30
Q

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

A

sagittal

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31
Q

Which plane passes through the body at right angles to a longitudinal plane, dividing into superior and inferior portions?

A

horizontal (axial) plane

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32
Q

Which plane is at an angle or slant and is not parallel to the sagittal, coronal, or horizontal plane?

A

oblique

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33
Q

outward stress of the foot

A

eversion

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34
Q

inward stress of the foot

A

inversion

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35
Q

to move around in the form of a circle

A

circumduction

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36
Q

turning palm downward

A

pronation

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37
Q

turning palm upward

A

supination

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38
Q

on the opposite side of the body

A

contralateral

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39
Q

on the same side of body

A

ipsilateral

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40
Q

near the source or beginning

A

proximal

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41
Q

away from the source or beginning

A

distal

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42
Q

toward the center

A

medial

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43
Q

away from the center

A

lateral

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44
Q

inside of something

A

interior

45
Q

outside of something

A

exterior

46
Q

a backward movement

A

retraction

47
Q

a forward movement

A

protraction

48
Q

away from head end of the body

A

caudad/caudal

49
Q

toward the head end of body

A

cephalad/cephalic

50
Q

increasing the angle of a joint

A

extension

51
Q

decreasing the angle of a joint

A

flexion

52
Q

movement of extremity away from midline

A

abduction

53
Q

movement of extremity toward midline

A

adduction

54
Q

moving toes and foot upward

A

dorsiflexion

55
Q

moving toes and foot downward

A

plantar flexion

56
Q

projection

A

the direction or path of the CR of the x-ray beam

57
Q

What is the projection where the CR enter the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface?

A

PA

58
Q

What is the projection where the CR enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface?

A

AP

59
Q

What is a PA or AP oblique projection?

A

projection that the body part is rotated, depending on where CR enters

60
Q

What is a mediolateral projection?

A

projection where the CR enters the medial aspect and exits the lateral aspect of body part

61
Q

What is a lateromedial projection?

A

projection where the CR enters the lateral aspect and exits the medial aspect of body part

62
Q

What is the projection where the CR is any angle of 10 degrees or more along the long axis of body/body part?

A

axial

63
Q

What is the name of the projection where the CR skims a body part?

A

tangential

64
Q

What is the name of the projection where the CR enters the left side of the chest and exits the opposite side?

A

transthoracic (right lateral position)

65
Q

What is the projection that enters the posterior aspect of the skull and exits the acanthion?

A

parietoacanthial

66
Q

Which of the following is an example of an axial projection?
a. transthoracic lateral
b. mediolateral ankle
c. AP chest with 20 degree cephalic angle
d. AP abdomen with 30 degree rotation to the left

A

C

67
Q

T/F, The technologist must provide a preliminary interpretation of any radiographs if requested by the referring physician

A

false

68
Q

What is the recommendation of the ASRT ACE initiative?

A

Announce your name
Communicate credentials
Explain procedure

69
Q

How many projections for knee? why?

A

3, a joint is present

70
Q

How many projections for fingers? why?

A

3, a joint is present

71
Q

How many projection for the humerus? Why?

A

2, there is no joint

72
Q

How many projections for the sternum? why?

A

2, there is no joint

73
Q

How many projections for the ankle? why?

A

3, a joint is present

74
Q

How many projections for tibia/fibula? why?

A

2, there is no joint

75
Q

How many projections for the chest? why?

A

2, there is no joint

76
Q

How many projections for a hand? why?

A

3, a joint is present

77
Q

How many projections for the hip? why?

A

2, there is no joint

78
Q

How many projections for a forearm? why?

A

2, there is no joint

79
Q

What body part only requires one AP projection?

A

pelvis

80
Q

Which of the following should be performed for a chest study?

A

PA and lateral

81
Q

what kVp is generally used for chest?

A

110 to 125

82
Q

What is the minimum IR distance for chest?

A

72 inches

83
Q

What is the ideal IR size for chest?

A

14 x 17 inches

84
Q

The technique for localizing bony and soft tissue of radiographic landmarks is what?

A

palpation

85
Q

define palpation more

A

applying light pressure with fingertips on the patient to locate positioning landmarks

86
Q

Define sthenic body habitus. What % of the population does it make up? portrait or landscape?

A

average shape
50%
either depending on age and height

87
Q

Define hyposthenic body habitus. What % of the population does it make up? Portrait or landscape?

A

more slender
35%
portrait

88
Q

Define hypersthenic body habitus. What % of the population does it make up? Portrait or landscape?

A

broad frame
5%
landscape

89
Q

Define asthenic body habitus. What % of the population does it make up? Portrait or landscape?

A

very thin or slender with long, narrow build
10%
portrait

90
Q

Trendelenburg position defines what?

A

head is lower than feet

91
Q

Fowlers position defines what?

A

feet are lower than head

92
Q

lateral position

A

side of the body closest to IR/body part from which the CR exits

93
Q

RPO

A

right posterior side closest to IR at an angle (recumbent or erect)

94
Q

RAO

A

right anterior side closest to IR at an angle

95
Q

LPO

A

left posterior side closest to IR at an angle

96
Q

LAO

A

left anterior side closest to IR at an angle

97
Q

What kind of x-ray beams do decubitus positions always use?

A

horizontal

98
Q

right lateral decubitus

A

lying on right side

99
Q

left lateral decubitus

A

lying on left side

100
Q

What’s the name of the position that demonstrates the apices of the lungs?

A

apical-lordotic

101
Q

T/F, When the anode heel rule is applied, the thicker aspect of the anatomy should be placed under the cathode end of the tube. (fat-cat)

A

true

102
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of
compensating filter?

A. Wedge
B. Boomerang
C. Slotted
D. All are types

A

C. slotted

103
Q

The difference in brightness between light and dark around of an image defines:

a. brightness
b. contrast
c. density
d. none of the above

A

b. contrast

104
Q

Highly complex mathematical formulas are called:

a. Binary codes
b. Exposure indices
c. Equalization filters
d. Algorithms

A

d. algorithms

105
Q

What main organ is in RUQ

A

liver

106
Q

What main organ is in the RLQ?

A

ascending colon

107
Q

What main organ is in the LUQ?

A

spleen

108
Q

What main organ is in the LLQ?

A

descending colon

109
Q

KUB…

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder
taken without the use of contrast media
AP supine image

RTE1503 Radiographic Procedures (19 decks)

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