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RTE1503 Radiographic Procedures > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Terminology, positioning, and imaging principles (109 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four basic types of tissue in the human body?

A

connective, muscular, nervous, and epithelial

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2
Q

How many bones are in the body?

A

206

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3
Q

Which of the following systems distributes oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body?

A

circulatory

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4
Q

Which of the following systems maintains the acid-base balance in the body?

A

urinary

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5
Q

Which of the following systems is considered to be the largest organ system in the body?

A

integumentary

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6
Q

The two divisions of the human skeleton are _____ and ______________.

A

axial and appendicular

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7
Q

Which portion of the long bones is responsible for the production of red blood cells?

A

spongy or cancellous

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8
Q

What type of tissue covers the ends of the long bones?

A

hyaline or articular cartilage

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8
Q

What bones make up the axial skeleton? and how many?

A

skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs
80

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9
Q

The narrow space between the inner and outer table of the flat bones in the cranium is called the ______.

A

diploe

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10
Q

What is the primary center for endochondral ossification in long bones?

A

diaphysis (body)

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10
Q

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton? and how many?

A

limbs, shoulder and pelvic girdles
126

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11
Q

What is the name of the secondary growth centers of endochondral ossification found in long bones?

A

epiphyses

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12
Q

The aspect of long bones where bone growth in length occurs is the:

A

metaphysis

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13
Q

short bone examples:

A

tarsals and carpals

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14
Q

long bone examples:

A

femur, humerus

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15
Q

flat bone examples:

A

sternum, scapulae, calvarium, ribs

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16
Q

irregular bone examples:

A

vertebrae, pelvic bones, facial bones, limbs

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17
Q

plane (gliding) joints do what?

A

slide or glide

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18
Q

ginglymus (hinge) joints do what?

A

permit flexion and extension

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19
Q

pivot (trochoidal) joints do what?

A

allow rotational movement around a single axis

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20
Q

ellipsoidal (condyloid) joints do what?

A

allow limited rotation (flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and circumduction)

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21
Q

saddle (sellar) joints do what?

A

allow movement of extension/flexion, adduction/abduction, and circumduction

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22
Q

ball and socket (spheroidal) joints do what?

A

allow for greatest freedom of motion around many number of axes, w one common center

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23
bicondylar joints do what?
provide movement in a single axis and permit limited rotation
24
Which of the following joints is classified as trochoidal? a. wrist b. metacarpophalangeal c. distal radioulnar joint d. shoulder
C
25
Which of the following joints is ellipsoidal? a. wrist b. interphalangeal c. ankle d. hip
B
28
Which of the following joints is classified as bicondylar? a. metacarpophalangeal b. first carpometacarpal joint c. proximal radioulnar joint d. knee
d
29
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?
coronal
30
Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
sagittal
31
Which plane passes through the body at right angles to a longitudinal plane, dividing into superior and inferior portions?
horizontal (axial) plane
32
Which plane is at an angle or slant and is not parallel to the sagittal, coronal, or horizontal plane?
oblique
33
outward stress of the foot
eversion
34
inward stress of the foot
inversion
35
to move around in the form of a circle
circumduction
36
turning palm downward
pronation
37
turning palm upward
supination
38
on the opposite side of the body
contralateral
39
on the same side of body
ipsilateral
40
near the source or beginning
proximal
41
away from the source or beginning
distal
42
toward the center
medial
43
away from the center
lateral
44
inside of something
interior
45
outside of something
exterior
46
a backward movement
retraction
47
a forward movement
protraction
48
away from head end of the body
caudad/caudal
49
toward the head end of body
cephalad/cephalic
50
increasing the angle of a joint
extension
51
decreasing the angle of a joint
flexion
52
movement of extremity away from midline
abduction
53
movement of extremity toward midline
adduction
54
moving toes and foot upward
dorsiflexion
55
moving toes and foot downward
plantar flexion
56
projection
the direction or path of the CR of the x-ray beam
57
What is the projection where the CR enter the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface?
PA
58
What is the projection where the CR enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface?
AP
59
What is a PA or AP oblique projection?
projection that the body part is rotated, depending on where CR enters
60
What is a mediolateral projection?
projection where the CR enters the medial aspect and exits the lateral aspect of body part
61
What is a lateromedial projection?
projection where the CR enters the lateral aspect and exits the medial aspect of body part
62
What is the projection where the CR is any angle of 10 degrees or more along the long axis of body/body part?
axial
63
What is the name of the projection where the CR skims a body part?
tangential
64
What is the name of the projection where the CR enters the left side of the chest and exits the opposite side?
transthoracic (right lateral position)
65
What is the projection that enters the posterior aspect of the skull and exits the acanthion?
parietoacanthial
66
Which of the following is an example of an axial projection? a. transthoracic lateral b. mediolateral ankle c. AP chest with 20 degree cephalic angle d. AP abdomen with 30 degree rotation to the left
C
67
T/F, The technologist must provide a preliminary interpretation of any radiographs if requested by the referring physician
false
68
What is the recommendation of the ASRT ACE initiative?
Announce your name Communicate credentials Explain procedure
69
How many projections for knee? why?
3, a joint is present
70
How many projections for fingers? why?
3, a joint is present
71
How many projection for the humerus? Why?
2, there is no joint
72
How many projections for the sternum? why?
2, there is no joint
73
How many projections for the ankle? why?
3, a joint is present
74
How many projections for tibia/fibula? why?
2, there is no joint
75
How many projections for the chest? why?
2, there is no joint
76
How many projections for a hand? why?
3, a joint is present
77
How many projections for the hip? why?
2, there is no joint
78
How many projections for a forearm? why?
2, there is no joint
79
What body part only requires one AP projection?
pelvis
80
Which of the following should be performed for a chest study?
PA and lateral
81
what kVp is generally used for chest?
110 to 125
82
What is the minimum IR distance for chest?
72 inches
83
What is the ideal IR size for chest?
14 x 17 inches
84
The technique for localizing bony and soft tissue of radiographic landmarks is what?
palpation
85
define palpation more
applying light pressure with fingertips on the patient to locate positioning landmarks
86
Define sthenic body habitus. What % of the population does it make up? portrait or landscape?
average shape 50% either depending on age and height
87
Define hyposthenic body habitus. What % of the population does it make up? Portrait or landscape?
more slender 35% portrait
88
Define hypersthenic body habitus. What % of the population does it make up? Portrait or landscape?
broad frame 5% landscape
89
Define asthenic body habitus. What % of the population does it make up? Portrait or landscape?
very thin or slender with long, narrow build 10% portrait
90
Trendelenburg position defines what?
head is lower than feet
91
Fowlers position defines what?
feet are lower than head
92
lateral position
side of the body closest to IR/body part from which the CR exits
93
RPO
right posterior side closest to IR at an angle (recumbent or erect)
94
RAO
right anterior side closest to IR at an angle
95
LPO
left posterior side closest to IR at an angle
96
LAO
left anterior side closest to IR at an angle
97
What kind of x-ray beams do decubitus positions always use?
horizontal
98
right lateral decubitus
lying on right side
99
left lateral decubitus
lying on left side
100
What's the name of the position that demonstrates the apices of the lungs?
apical-lordotic
101
T/F, When the anode heel rule is applied, the thicker aspect of the anatomy should be placed under the cathode end of the tube. (fat-cat)
true
102
Which of the following is NOT a type of compensating filter? A. Wedge B. Boomerang C. Slotted D. All are types
C. slotted
103
The difference in brightness between light and dark around of an image defines: a. brightness b. contrast c. density d. none of the above
b. contrast
104
Highly complex mathematical formulas are called: a. Binary codes b. Exposure indices c. Equalization filters d. Algorithms
d. algorithms
105
What main organ is in RUQ
liver
106
What main organ is in the RLQ?
ascending colon
107
What main organ is in the LUQ?
spleen
108
What main organ is in the LLQ?
descending colon
109
KUB...
kidneys, ureters, bladder taken without the use of contrast media AP supine image

RTE1503 Radiographic Procedures (19 decks)

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