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Honors World History A > Unit 5: Dynastic Empires > Flashcards

Unit 5: Dynastic Empires Flashcards

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1
Q

Silk Road Definition

A

an ancient network of trade routes that connected China to the Mediterranean Sea and allowed for widespread cultural interaction

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2
Q

Tobchi’an Definition

A

the Mongolian name for the book The Secret History of the Mongols

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3
Q

Uyghurs Definition

A

an ethnic minority group from Northwest China

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4
Q

Xi Xia Kingdom Definition

A

a Chinese kingdom that lasted from 1038 to 1227

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5
Q

Human Geography Definition

A

the study of how humans use geographic resources and how human activities can be examined based on their physical location

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6
Q

Steppes Definition

A

vast, treeless plains in Central Asia

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7
Q

Thematic Maps Definition

A

a map that shows the geographic patterns about a particular topic

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8
Q

Golden Horde Definition

A

the name given to Ögedei Khan’s army that conquered much of Eastern Europe from 1237 to 1241 CE

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9
Q

Historical Inquiry Definition

A

the process of locating and analyzing multiple sources to answer questions about history

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10
Q

Siege Warfare Definition

A

a type of warfare in which an army surrounds an area in the hope of breaking its defenses or cutting off supplies to force a surrender

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11
Q

Autocratic Government Definition

A

a government in which the leaders have absolute power

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12
Q

Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh Definition

A

the first book of world history, written during the Mongol occupation of Iran

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13
Q

Totalitarian Government Definition

A

a form of government in which the central government has absolute power and existence in the society requires subservience to the state

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14
Q

Viches Definition

A

the name for the Russian town assemblies that were common before the Mongol conquest

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15
Q

Yam (Mongol) Definition

A

the name of the messenger service used by the Mongols to help connect troops who were separated in battle or at a distance

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16
Q

Abbasid Caliphate Definition

A

the Islamic Caliphate centered in the city of Baghdad, known as the birthplace of the Islamic golden age

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17
Q

Bureaucracy Definition

A

government administrative departments, may make policy

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18
Q

Chagatai Khanate Definition

A

the Central Asian khanate of the Mongol Empire

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19
Q

Golden Horde Definition

A

the Russian name for the western khanate, or western part of the Mongol Empire, from the mid-1200s to the late 1300s

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20
Q

Historical Narrative Definition

A

the complex story of history

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21
Q

Ilkhanate Definition

A

the Persian khanate of the Mongol Empire

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22
Q

Khanate Definition

A

the four semi-independent Mongol regions in Eurasia ruled by the sons and grandsons of Genghis Khan

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23
Q

Mamluk Definition

A

the enslaved soldiers from the Eurasian steppe that came to create their own Sultanate in Egypt

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24
Q

Mandate of Heaven Definition

A

the Chinese belief that emperors and dynasties are able to rule as long as they have the blessing of the gods

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25
Q

Yuan Dynasty Definition

A

the Mongol dynasty established in China by Kublai Khan that reunited China after several hundred years of fragmentation

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26
Q

Bubonic Plague Definition

A

a deadly contagion that originated in China and was transmitted to humans by lice and fleas

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27
Q

Ming Dynasty Definition

A

the dynastic period (1368–1644 CE) in which the Han ethnic group took back control from the Mongols, best known for its cultural achievements and trade expansion

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28
Q

Red Turban Rebellion Definition

A

a series of Chinese revolts against the Yuan Dynasty

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29
Q

Timurid Dynasty Definition

A

the ruling dynasty begun by the Turkic-Mongol leader Tamerlane during the fifteenth century

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30
Q

Pax Mongolica Definition

A

Latin for “Mongol Peace;” this term describes the era of stability in Eurasia controlled by the Mongols during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries

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31
Q

Yersinia pestis Definition

A

the flea that carried the bubonic plague

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32
Q

Civil Service Examination Definition

A

the imperial system of exams given by various Chinese dynasties to select bureaucrats for governmental service

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33
Q

Sufism Definition

A

a mystical sect of Islam that emphasizes a direct personal experience with God

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34
Q

Tsar Definition

A

the title of Russian rulers from the sixteenth century until the Russian Revolution in 1917

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35
Q

Porcelain Definition

A

a ceramic material used for making tableware and other decorative art

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36
Q

Inscription Definition

A

A carving on a hard surface

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37
Q

Ming Dynasty Definition

A

the dynastic period (1368–1644 CE) in which the Han ethnic group took back control from the Mongols and which is best known for cultural achievements and trade expansion

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38
Q

Shogun Definition

A

a military leader that controlled Japan

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39
Q

Stockade Definition

A

a structure built for military protection

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40
Q

Tribute Definition

A

an offering of money or goods, given by one country to another, to show that the giver sees the other country as more powerful; giving tributes can also be a way to gain protection from the more powerful country

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41
Q

Artisan Definition

A

a skilled worker in a trade; a craftsperson who is an expert in a certain trade

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42
Q

Lucrative Definition

A

very beneficial or profitable

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43
Q

Maritime Trade Definition

A

the trade that happens in a way that involves seas or oceans, such as using boats to transport goods from one location to another

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44
Q

Replicate Definition

A

to make a copy of something

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45
Q

Sanction Definition

A

to approve; official permission for something

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46
Q

Civil Service Definition

A

the professional branches of a government’s administration

47
Q

Famine Definition

A

a period of time when food is very scarce, usually resulting in starvation and other impacts on affected people

48
Q

Inflation Definition

A

the increase in cost of goods due to declining purchasing power of money

49
Q

Little Ice Age Definition

A

the period of climate change between the 14th  and 19th  centuries that saw a decrease in global temperature linked to an increased occurrence of environmental disasters and famine

50
Q

Manchus Definition

A

the ethnic minority from northern China that established the Qing Dynasty

51
Q

Mandate of Heaven Definition

A

the Chinese belief that emperors and dynasties are able to rule as long as they have the blessing of the gods

52
Q

Qing Dynasty Definition

A

the Manchu-led dynasty of China (1644–1912 CE) that also marks the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history

53
Q

Typhoon Definition

A

a type of tropical storm specific to the Indian and Pacific Ocean areas; these storms include cyclones

54
Q

British East Asia Company Definition

A

the organization formed by British merchants around 1600 to control and expand trade in South Asia

55
Q

Canton System Definition

A

a system developed by the Qing Dynasty to control trade with Western nations; focused on only allowing trade based in Guangzhou (Canton) and included a number of regulations to limit Western traders

56
Q

Opium Definition

A

a drug created from a specific type of poppy; known for being an addictive narcotic

57
Q

Artillery Definition

A

very large weapons, usually gunpowder based, including cannons

58
Q

Cossacks Definition

A

the people who lived along the Volga River in what is now Russia; known for their military capabilities and often used as soldiers by Russian rulers

59
Q

Musketeer Definition

A

a type of soldier that carried an early style of gun called a musket

60
Q

Streltsy Definition

A

the Russian army soldiers who carried guns

61
Q

Tsar (czar) Definition

A

the title given to the ruler of Russia; equivalent to emperor or king

62
Q

Boyars Definition

A

a title given by the tsar to very high-ranking members of the upper classes in the Russian Empire

63
Q

Gentry Definition

A

upper or ruling class

64
Q

Orthodox Christianity Definition

A

a branch of Christianity that developed in the Balkan region, separately from the Roman Catholic Church

65
Q

Aristocrat Definition

A

someone who belongs to the wealthiest or highest class in a society

66
Q

Patron Definition

A

a person of wealth and influence who offers aid to a client

67
Q

Shrine Definition

A

a place believed to be holy, often marked by a building or structure

68
Q

Warlords Definition

A

the local military rulers who generally controlled small areas

69
Q

Bushido Definition

A

the samurai warrior code that stressed loyalty to one’s master, self-discipline, and respectful behavior

70
Q

Daimyō Definition

A

the wealthy landowners of Japan

71
Q

Emperor (Japan) Definition

A

the figurehead and religious leader of Japan

72
Q

Feudalism Definition

A

a social system in which people would work or fight for nobles/landowners in return for protection and use of the land

73
Q

Hierarchy Definition

A

a system of separating people by rank according to their status or authority

74
Q

Samurai Definition

A

a warrior class that protected the daimyō

75
Q

Caravel Definition

A

a relatively light, fast-moving ship designed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, which helped make distant global exploration possible

76
Q

Cartaz Definition

A

a permit issued by the Portuguese necessary for trade in the Indian Ocean

77
Q

Furl Definition

A

a sailing term that means rolling sails up, so they are out of the way and unable to catch the wind

78
Q

Mast Definition

A

a tall pole that has sails attached to it on a ship

79
Q

Capitalism Definition

A

an economic system in which businesses are privately owned and the business owner seeks to make a profit from the business

80
Q

Caravan Definition

A

a large group of people who traveled through the deserts of North Africa and the Middle East

81
Q

Colony Definition

A

a permanent settlement established away from a homeland

82
Q

Favorable Balance of Trade Definition

A

an economic philosophy that values exports over imports

83
Q

Mercantilism Definition

A

the idea that the government should control trade to benefit the state

84
Q

Nation-state Definition

A

A self-governing region

85
Q

Revenue Definition

A

income or money earned

86
Q

Age of Exploration Definition

A

the period in history between the fifteenth century and the eighteenth century during which European explorers traveled throughout the world using new maritime technologies

87
Q

Astrolabe Definition

A

a tool that measured the altitudes of celestial bodies that was useful in open seas navigation

88
Q

Cartography Definition

A

the science and practice of representing a geographical area, such as on a two-dimensional surface like a map

89
Q

Colonization Definition

A

the act of large-scale settling and establishing economic and political control over settled land

90
Q

Devshirme System Definition

A

a process in which Ottomans took young Christian boys in the Balkans, converted them to Islam, and then trained them through a series of examinations

91
Q

Empires Definition

A

systems of government where there is one authority (individual or group) who rules over a large territory

92
Q

Henry the Navigator Definition

A

supporter of the early Portuguese explorations and maritime expansion in the fifteenth century

93
Q

Janissaries Definition

A

Ottoman infantry divisions made up of forcibly conscripted Christian boys from the Balkans

94
Q

Joint-stock Companies Definition

A

businesses in which multiple individuals invest and jointly own stock and therefore profits

95
Q

Maritime Empires Definition

A

empires that rely on sea routes for economic or military expansion

96
Q

Trading Post Empire Definition

A

empire created by focusing on monopolizing and controlling trade rather than controlling the people themselves

97
Q

Vasco da Gama Definition

A

a Portuguese explorer in the late fifteenth century who explored the Indian Ocean

98
Q

Armed Trade Definition

A

a form of trade encouraged and protected by the use of gunpower, such as cannons and firearms

99
Q

Canton Definition

A

one of the two Chinese trading posts where Europeans were allowed to trade

100
Q

Cape of Good Hope Definition

A

one of the southernmost parts of the African continent; ships traveling from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean pass by this point of land

101
Q

Columbian Exchange Definition

A

the transfer of commodities, resources, plants, populations, animals, and diseases between the New World and Eurasia

102
Q

El Mina Definition

A

the location of one of the most important Portuguese factories in the forested zone of Africa

103
Q

Factories (Trade) Definition

A

Portuguese compounds with forts, trading posts, and a community of merchants who ran the compound

104
Q

Macao Definition

A

Portuguese colony and port in southern China

105
Q

Nzinga Mbemba Definition

A

the ruler of the Kongo from 1507 to 1543; converted to Christianity and changed his name to Afonso I

106
Q

Sati Definition

A

the historical Hindu practice in which a widow sacrificed herself by sitting on her dead husband’s funeral pyre

107
Q

Batavia Definition

A

the Dutch trading port on the island of Java

108
Q

British East India Company Definition

A

the organization formed by British merchants around 1600 to control and expand trade in South Asia

109
Q

Dutch East India Company Definition

A

the organization formed by the Dutch in the sixteenth century to control and expand trade in South Asia

110
Q

Dutch Golden Age Definition

A

a period of time, beginning in the seventeenth century and continuing into the eighteenth century, in Holland marked by remarkable prosperity and art

111
Q

Battle of Lepanto Definition

A

the 1571 defeat of the Ottoman naval forces by the Holy League

112
Q

Circumnavigation Definition

A

the act of traveling around an entire area

113
Q

Ferdinand Magellan Definition

A

a Portuguese explorer well known for planning the 1519 circumnavigation of the globe by traveling west

114
Q

Holy League Definition

A

an allegiance between Spain, Venice, the Holy Roman Empire, England, and the Swiss in the early sixteenth century

Honors World History A (15 decks)

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