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Honors World History A > Unit 3: Mediterranean Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 3: Mediterranean Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Bronze Age Definition

A

A period of history characterized by the bronze tools use in the development of contemporaneous civilizations

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2
Q

Deme Definition

A

A geographical territory located within a certain polis

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3
Q

Ecclesia Definition

A

An Athenian assembly consisting of Athenian citizens who made up the majority of the democracy in Athens

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4
Q

Gerousia Definition

A

A council of elders in a Greek city-state

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5
Q

Korete Definition

A

A governor of a district in the Mycenaean state

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6
Q

Palatial Monarchy Definition

A

a monarchy that functioned primarily through a centralized palace where daily political, cultural, and military affairs took place

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7
Q

Polis Definition

A

A Greek city-state

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8
Q

Wanax Definition

A

a Mycenaean king in charge of religious, political, and military matters

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9
Q

The Peloponnesian War Definition

A

a conflict fought between the Peloponnesian League and the Athenian Empire between 431 and 405 BCE. The war took place due to increasing concerns of Athenian dominance in regard to wealth and military power. Sparta and its allies attacked Athens first so that Athens could not conquer them. Sparta installed these men to preside over all aspects of Athenian life and take power over the ecclesia; the war fought between Athens and Sparta from 431 BCE to 401 BCE

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10
Q

Council of 500 Definition

A

a governing body of Athens that dictated the agenda of the ecclesia

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11
Q

Ekklesia Definition

A

a Spartan assembly consisting of Spartan citizens

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12
Q

Ephor Definition

A

an elected Spartan magistrate who would serve alongside the two kings

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13
Q

Hoplite Definition

A

a heavily armored infantry soldier in ancient Greece

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14
Q

Senate Definition

A

a Roman governing body that advised consuls and emperors

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15
Q

Suffete Definition

A

one of two elected rulers who governed the Carthaginian oligarchy

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16
Q

Aristoi Definition

A

the aristocratic class in an ancient Greek city-state

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17
Q

Helot Definition

A

a Spartan laborer, sometimes referred to as an enslaved person in Sparta

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18
Q

Metic Definition

A

a foreign person residing in Athens

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19
Q

Perioikoi Definition

A

a landholding middle-class citizen who dwelled on the outskirts of a Greek city-state

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20
Q

Poleis Definition

A

The plural of “polis”

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21
Q

Xenoi Definition

A

an ancient Greek word to describe people from foreign lands

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22
Q

Companion Cavalry Definition

A

an elite, heavily armored cavalry within the Macedonian Empire

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23
Q

Hellenization Definition

A

a process of enculturation whereby Indigenous cultures adopt the Greek culture

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24
Q

Macedonian Phalanx Definition

A

a variation of the phalanx military formation in which lines of 256 men armed with sarissa made a tight defensive formation

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25
Q

Pitched Battle Definition

A

a battle between two or more armies on land, generally in an open environment not within or attacking a city or settlement

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26
Q

Sarissa Definition

A

an extremely long spear used in the defensive formation of the Macedonian phalanx

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27
Q

Satrap Definition

A

a governor of a satrapy, a territory within the Persian Empire

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28
Q

Shahanshah Definition

A

the Persian equivalent of an emperor

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29
Q

Siege Definition

A

a battle attacking a specific place, such as a city; the goal is to make the targeted place surrender by cutting off outside access so the people under siege cannot get supplies they need

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30
Q

Abstract Definition

A

existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence

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31
Q

Acropolis Definition

A

the fortified height or citadel of an ancient Greek city

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32
Q

City-state Definition

A

a city that retains sovereignty and autonomy generally reserved for nation states; a political system in which the leaders of the city can make all decisions for the people within their territory and are not overruled by a larger centralized government

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33
Q

Deity Definition

A

A supernatural being

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34
Q

Libation Definition

A

a drink poured as an offering to a deity

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35
Q

Mt. Olympus Definition

A

the highest mountain in Greece and legendary home of the Greek deities

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36
Q

Mythology Definition

A

a traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events

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37
Q

Parthenon Definition

A

temple to the Greek goddess Athena located on the acropolis in Athens

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38
Q

Propylon Definition

A

the structure or gateway forming an entrance to a temple

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39
Q

Temple Definition

A

a building devoted to the worship of a god or goddess who is believed to reside in the temple

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40
Q

Aeschylus Definition

A

a Greek playwright who is considered to be the “father of tragedy”

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41
Q

Amphitheater Definition

A

an open-air venue with a stage surrounded by rows of seats used for performances and athletic events

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42
Q

Archaic Period Definition

A

the cultural and political period of Greek history from 800 BCE to 480 BCE characterized by expansion across the Mediterranean that established the Greek world

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43
Q

Aristophanes Definition

A

a Greek playwright who is considered to be the “father of comedy”

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44
Q

Classical Period Definition

A

the two hundred-year period from 480 BCE to 323 BCE in ancient Greece that saw the rise of Athenian democracy, the Peloponnesian Wars, and significant cultural advancements

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45
Q

Comedy Definition

A

a genre of Greek literature characterized by humorous satire

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46
Q

Demigod Definition

A

a person who is believed to be the offspring of a human and a god and who is worshiped as a deity or semi-deity

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47
Q

Epic Definition

A

a long poem that usually focuses on the exploits of heroes and gods

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48
Q

Euripides Definition

A

a Greek playwright who tragically portrayed epic heroes as ordinary people going through extraordinary circumstances

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49
Q

Homer Definition

A

the writer of the epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, which are considered some of the foundational works of Western literature

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50
Q

The Iliad Definition

A

an epic poem set during the Trojan War about the Mycenaean king Agamemnon and the hero Achilles

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51
Q

The Odyssey Definition

A

an epic poem chronicling the events of Odysseus as he travels home at the conclusion of the Trojan War

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52
Q

Oral Tradition Definition

A

a verbal history told through storytelling and songs

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53
Q

Playwright Definition

A

A person who writes plays

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54
Q

Satire Definition

A

the use of humor, exaggeration, or ridicule in plays or literature toward people, groups, or society

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55
Q

Sophocles Definition

A

a Greek playwright best known for his tragedies such as Electra, Oedipus Rex, and Ajax

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56
Q

Tragedy Definition

A

a genre of Greek literature characterized by human suffering and morality tales

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57
Q

Aristarchus Definition

A

a Greek mathematician and astronomer who first proposed a heliocentric model of the universe

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58
Q

Aristotle Definition

A

a Greek philosopher who founded the principle of the golden mean

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59
Q

Babylonians Definition

A

the ancient people whose empire was located in the modern-day Middle East and who made great advancements in math and science

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60
Q

Deductive Reasoning Definition

A

the formation of an idea or conclusion based on a traditionally accepted statement or fact

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61
Q

Divine Definition

A

A god or goddess

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62
Q

Egyptians Definition

A

the ancient people whose civilization was located in present-day Egypt and who made great advancements in math and science

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63
Q

The Elements Definition

A

the most widely read and taught math textbook in history, written by Greek mathematician Euclid

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64
Q

Empirical Definition

A

an idea or thought that is verified by observation or experience through the five senses: touch, taste, sight, smell, hearing

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65
Q

Eratosthenes Definition

A

a Greek astronomer who used geometry to calculate the size of Earth

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66
Q

Euclid Definition

A

a Greek mathematician who wrote The Elements and is considered a founder of geometry

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67
Q

Fibonacci Sequence Definition

A

a math sequence in which each number is the sum of the previous two numbers, for example, (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, etc.)

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68
Q

Logic Definition

A

a system designed by Aristotle that uses reason and known truths to reach conclusions

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69
Q

Pythagoras Definition

A

an ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher who created the Pythagorean Theorem

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70
Q

Supernatural Definition

A

the forces that are beyond scientific reason and natural law

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71
Q

Athens Definition

A

the most powerful city-state in ancient Greece; capital of modern-day Greece

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72
Q

Corinth Definition

A

the Greek city-state that was known as a hub for trade

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73
Q

Greco-Persian Wars Definition

A

the series of wars fought between Greece and Persia while Persia was attempting to conquer Greece

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74
Q

Olympia Definition

A

a sacred site dedicated to Zeus and the site of the ancient Olympic Games

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75
Q

Panathenaea Definition

A

a festival dedicated to the deity Athena and hosted by the city-state of Athens that included religious services, large feasts, animal sacrifices, and competitions in music, poetry recitation, and athletic games

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76
Q

Persia Definition

A

an ancient empire in the Middle East that conquered much of Eastern Europe and Northeast Africa

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77
Q

Sparta Definition

A

the militaristic Greek city-state located on the Peloponnesus

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78
Q

State Definition

A

a nation or territory organized under one government and recognized as independent

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79
Q

Truce Definition

A

an agreement between enemies or opponents to pause conflict

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80
Q

Zeus Definition

A

the supreme ancient Greek deity

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81
Q

Centuriate Assembly Definition

A

the governing body of the Roman Republic that dealt with military affairs alongside the consuls

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82
Q

Etruscans Definition

A

people indigenous to Italy before Rome existed

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83
Q

Imperium Definition

A

a measure of one’s military power within Rome

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84
Q

Patricians Definition

A

a landholding, upper-class citizen of Rome

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85
Q

Plebeians Definition

A

the middle class of artisans, farmers, merchants, and traders in Rome

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86
Q

Tribal Assembly Definition

A

a governing body of the Roman Republic made up of average citizens and plebeians that dealt with civilian and nonmilitary issues

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87
Q

Triumvirate Definition

A

A three-person rule

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88
Q

Ayllus Definition

A

the general population of the Inca Empire, who were not members of the nobility or administrative class

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89
Q

Barter Definition

A

a system of exchange where goods and services are directly exchanged between participants without the use of money

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90
Q

Consul Definition

A

a Roman leader of government elected yearly by the Roman senate

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91
Q

Legion Definition

A

the foundational military unit of the Roman army, made up of 5,000 soldiers

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92
Q

Panaqa Definition

A

the elite nobility of the Inca Empire, connected by blood to the king

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93
Q

Sapa Inca Definition

A

the unique name given to the king of the Inca Empire

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94
Q

Senate (Roman) Definition

A

a Roman governing body advised by consuls and emperors

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95
Q

Tokrikoq Definition

A

the regional administrators in the Inca Empire responsible for logistics, law, and trade

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96
Q

Dictator Definition

A

a political leader who has absolute power in their government

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97
Q

First Triumvirate Definition

A

a three-person rule consisting of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus

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98
Q

Imperator Definition

A

a Roman emperor

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99
Q

Optimates Definition

A

a Roman political party supporting patricians

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100
Q

Populares Definition

A

a Roman political party supporting plebeians

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101
Q

Republic Definition

A

a government whose decisions are made by elected peoples

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102
Q

Second Triumvirate Definition

A

a three-person rule of Octavian, Lepidus, and Antony

103
Q

Tribune Definition

A

an elected official in Rome who represented the interests of the plebeians

104
Q

The Gallic Wars Definition

A

Caesar’s conquests of Gaul

105
Q

The Ides of March Definition

A

15th of March in Latin, the date of Caesar’s death

106
Q

Pax Romana Definition

A

Latin for “Roman peace,” a period of stability for the Roman Empire lasting 200 years

107
Q

Christianity Definition

A

a monotheistic religion that developed in the Middle East around the first century CE, based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth

108
Q

Holy Bible Definition

A

the holy book of the Christian faith

109
Q

Judaism Definition

A

a monotheistic religion based on the teaching and principles of the Tanakh

110
Q

Prophet Definition

A

a person chosen to spread God’s messages and teachings

111
Q

Tanakh Definition

A

the holy book of the Jewish faith

112
Q

Apostle Definition

A

an early follower of Jesus who implemented his messages and practices

113
Q

Judea Definition

A

region on the eastern Mediterranean Sea, present-day Israel

114
Q

Messiah Definition

A

a leader or savior of a group or cause

115
Q

Persecute Definition

A

to treat a specific group of people hostilely, based on their beliefs, race, and or culture

116
Q

Devout Definition

A

having or showing a deep religious commitment

117
Q

Disciple Definition

A

a committed follower of Jesus from his early life

118
Q

Edict of Milan Definition

A

an official declaration of religious acceptance of Christianity in the Roman Empire; a theological compact between emperors Constantine and Licinius that granted religious toleration to Christians within the Roman Empire without fear of persecution

119
Q

Martyr Definition

A

a person who is killed because of their religious beliefs

120
Q

Sect Definition

A

a religious, political, or cultural subgroup

121
Q

Synagogue Definition

A

a building or place of Jewish worship

122
Q

Asia Minor Definition

A

a geographic location that is made up of mainly present-day western Turkey; also known as Anatolia

123
Q

Battle of Milvian Bridge Definition

A

a battle fought between Roman Emperors Constantine and Maxentius in 312 CE; the final battle fought by Constantine to become emperor of the Roman Empire in 312 CE

124
Q

Bishop Definition

A

a senior member of the Christian faith

125
Q

The Holy Trinity Definition

A

the Christian god existing as the father, the son, and holy spirit

126
Q

Scapegoat Definition

A

a person blamed for the problems faced by others

127
Q

Council of Nicaea Definition

A

a meeting in 325 CE between Constantine and leadership in the Catholic Church to streamline religious teaching

128
Q

Donatist Schism Definition

A

a small division in the church when Bishop Donatus and his followers split from the church because of canonical issues and a disagreement with Emperor Constantine

129
Q

Fragment of a Marble Tomb Definition

A

a religious symbol preserved from the time period of Constantine’s rule showing leaders in the early church; proof of the spread of Christianity

130
Q

Nicene Creed Definition

A

the affirmation of Christian faith that was written by the attendees of the Council of Nicaea

131
Q

Byzantine Empire Definition

A

a term used by historians to refer to the Roman Empire in the east that persisted until the 1400s; based around the city of Constantinople (formerly Byzantium)

132
Q

Caesaropapism Definition

A

control over religious authorities by a secular king, such as the Byzantine emperor’s power over the Eastern Orthodox Church

133
Q

Crusades Definition

A

a series of military and religious movements by Europeans seeking to conquer Muslim lands associated with the life of Jesus, expand Christianity, and suppress heresy in Europe

134
Q

East-West Schism Definition

A

a split in the Christian church, forming the Western church and the Eastern church; also called the Great Schism of 1054 CE by historians

135
Q

Ecumenical Definition

A

universal or worldwide

136
Q

Excommunication Definition

A

the complete exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church and the denial of sacraments for refusing to obey Church law

137
Q

Heresy Definition

A

a set of beliefs or opinions contrary to conventional doctrine

138
Q

Iconoclasm Definition

A

the destruction of religious images to prevent their worship

139
Q

Papal Supremacy Definition

A

the claim made by popes during the Middle Ages that they had ultimate authority over all secular rulers because they were “God’s representative on Earth”

140
Q

Patriarch Definition

A

a religious official in the Eastern Orthodox Church

141
Q

Pope Definition

A

the head of the Roman Catholic Church who also serves as bishop of Rome

142
Q

Theology Definition

A

the study of religion

143
Q

Justinian’s Code Definition

A

a collection of laws (528–529 CE), including ordinances from the Roman Empire, all compiled into one ensemble

144
Q

Nika Revolt Definition

A

an uprising (532 CE) caused by Justinian’s debt from expansion of the Byzantine Empire and subsequent raising of taxes

145
Q

Dacia Definition

A

a kingdom in Central Europe located between the Black Sea and Carpathian Mountains; conquered by the Emperor Trajan

146
Q

Germanic Tribes Definition

A

the groups of people that lived in what is now known as Eastern Europe and Scandinavia

147
Q

Hagia Sophia Definition

A

a magnificent church built by Justinian; the name means “Holy Wisdom”

148
Q

Parthian Empire Definition

A

the Persian Empire existing between 247 BCE and 224 CE

149
Q

Sasanian Empire Definition

A

the last Persian Empire to exist before the conquest of the Muslims; considered a high point in Iranian culture

150
Q

Vandals Definition

A

the Germanic people who gained power during the decline of the Western Roman Empire through invasions

151
Q

Western Roman Empire Definition

A

the western part of the ancient Roman Empire

152
Q

Ceded Definition

A

To give up land by a treaty

153
Q

Crusades Definition

A

a series of military and religious movements by Europeans seeking to conquer Muslim lands associated with the life of Jesus, expand Christianity, and suppress heresy in Europe

154
Q

Mercenary Definition

A

A soldier hired to fight in a foreign army

155
Q

Seljuk Turks Definition

A

the inhabitants of the Seljuk Empire that was based in Persia and competed with the Byzantine Empire for control of lands in the Middle East

156
Q

Excommunicate Definition

A

To formally exclude someone from participation in a church or religion

157
Q

Theodosian Walls Definition

A

the walled fortifications around the city of Constantinople built between 408 and 450 CE during the reign of Theodosius II; the largest and strongest walls built during that time period

158
Q

Fasting Definition

A

reducing or stopping the consumption of food for religious practice

159
Q

The Five Pillars of Islam Definition

A

the founding religious beliefs that guide Muslims’ practice

160
Q

Quran Definition

A

a sacred scripture and teachings that all Muslims follow

161
Q

Ramadan Definition

A

the ninth month of the Islamic calendar when Muslims fast; a month of the Islamic calendar celebrating Muhammad’s first message from God

162
Q

Allah Definition

A

Arabic for “god”; the one and only Islamic god

163
Q

Aṣḥāb Definition

A

a group of ten followers of Muhammad said to have personal contact with him

164
Q

Caliph Definition

A

a central Muslim religious and political leader

165
Q

The Companions (Islam) Definition

A

the followers of Islam who are considered eyewitnesses to Muhammad’s teachings through their connections to him

166
Q

Hadith Definition

A

a written record of Muhammad’s teachings and traditions

167
Q

Sunni-Shiite Split Definition

A

a dispute about who should take Muslim leadership after the death of Muhammad

168
Q

Hijra Definition

A

Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina that marked the beginning of the Muslim era

169
Q

Abbasid Caliphate Definition

A

the second Islamic dynasty; the successors to the Umayyads, ruling the Islamic empire from about 750 to 1258; only minor territorial gains occurred during their rule

170
Q

Caliphate Definition

A

an Islamic state or empire

171
Q

Centralize Definition

A

the concentrated organization of a group or system to a specific geographic location

172
Q

Islamic Golden Age Definition

A

the era during the Abbasid Caliphate during which Islamic art and culture flourished

173
Q

Umayyad Caliphate Definition

A

the first Islamic dynasty; a group that began after the death of Ali, the last of the four “rightly guided caliphs” who ruled after Muhammad’s death from 661 to about 750. The most territorial expansion of the Islamic Empire occurred during these years

174
Q

Aristotle Definition

A

a Greek philosopher who founded the principle of the golden mean

175
Q

Golden Age Definition

A

a time of great prosperity, invention, and achievement

176
Q

Translation Movement Definition

A

a movement to translate ancient texts into Arabic

177
Q

Arabesque Definition

A

a pattern of art using stems, leaves, and flowers in a scrolling design

178
Q

Calligraphy Definition

A

A method of writing script

179
Q

Mosque Definition

A

A place of worship for the Islamic faith

180
Q

Non-figurative (Art & Culture) Definition

A

a design that does not include human figures or animals

181
Q

Battle of Kosovo Definition

A

a 1389 battle led by Murad I to expand the Ottoman Empire during which his forces defeated a group of European armies but Murad I was killed

182
Q

Devshirme Definition

A

a practice by the Ottoman Empire to remove Christian boys from their homes and train them to be part of the Ottoman military

183
Q

Hajj Definition

A

a pilgrimage made to the Kaaba in the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia

184
Q

Hijra or Hegira Definition

A

a name for the “flight” by Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, because he was being persecuted for trying to get people to join the Islamic faith as it was developing in its earliest years. It now marks the start of the new year for Muslims

185
Q

Kaaba Definition

A

a square building draped in a silk and cotton veil, located in Mecca and recognized as the holiest shrine in Islam and the “House of God”

186
Q

Sultan Definition

A

the head of an Islamic state or empire, specifically in the Ottoman Empire

187
Q

Tribe Definition

A

an extended family group that lives together and shares a distinct culture

188
Q

Historiography

A

The writing of history

189
Q

Abrahamic Definition

A

A group of monotheistic religions that share the story of Abraham

190
Q

Evangelical Definition

A

a religion that tries to draw in or convert new followers

191
Q

Gnostic Definition

A

a religion that does not share information with outsiders, does not try to draw in or convert new followers

192
Q

Heresy Definition

A

beliefs or opinions contrary to conventional doctrine

193
Q

The Holy Land Definition

A

the area between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River in the Arabian Peninsula, considered religiously significant to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

194
Q

Islam Definition

A

a monotheistic religion that developed in the Middle East around 600 CE, based on the teachings of Muhammad ibn Abdullah

195
Q

Messianic Definition

A

related to a messiah, savior, or liberator

196
Q

Prophet Definition

A

someone who speaks on behalf of God or whom God speaks through

197
Q

Proselytize Definition

A

preach to someone in an attempt to convert that person to a religion

198
Q

Dynastic Rule Definition

A

a form of rule in which control remains within a family line

199
Q

Masjid Definition

A

another word for mosque, typically one that includes a school of some sort

200
Q

Secular Definition

A

related to life and events outside of religious authority

201
Q

Shi’a Islam Definition

A

one form of Islam developed in the years after Muhammad’s death because early adherents strongly believed the leader of Islam should be related to Muhammad; practiced today by a minority of Muslims around the world

202
Q

Sultan Definition

A

title similar to king or emperor (chosen to appear favored by the caliph)

203
Q

Sunni Islam Definition

A

the current dominant strand of Islamic practice in the world that believes Muslims should choose the successors to Muhammad

204
Q

Zoroastrian Definition

A

follower of Zoroastrianism, a monotheistic faith

205
Q

Arabization Definition

A

a change or shift toward Arab influence in culture, language, or policy

206
Q

“Fitnah” Definition

A

literally temptation or trial, but often used to refer to a conflict or civil unrest; the civil wars among caliphs are often referred to as fitnahs

207
Q

Janissary Definition

A

an elite infantry force in the Ottoman military loyal to the sultan

208
Q

Jihad Definition

A

literally struggling or striving, but often used to refer to a holy war fought with the ideal of spreading Islam

209
Q

Schism Definition

A

a division within an organization or institution, often applied to religious splits

210
Q

Vassal Definition

A

a landowner who swore loyalty to a lord

211
Q

Fratricide Definition

A

the murder of a sibling, biological or otherwise

212
Q

Caravan Definition

A

a group of merchant traders traveling together, frequently across hostile territory

213
Q

Caravansary Definition

A

A rest area

214
Q

Dhimmi Definition

A

non-Muslims; Muslim description of Jews or Christians living in their empires. It means “People of the Book” [Quran] and regards Jews and Christians as other monotheists who have similar religious views to Muslims

215
Q

Dinar Definition

A

A medieval gold coin currency; the main currency of several Middle Eastern nations, originally of the Abbasian Empire

216
Q

Jizya Definition

A

a tax levied on non-Muslims

217
Q

Lingua Franca Definition

A

a commonly adopted language used as a bridge where there are many different local languages

218
Q

Ostracon Definition

A

a pottery shard used as a writing surface

219
Q

Pilgrim Definition

A

an individual traveling to a sacred site for religious purposes

220
Q

Steppe Definition

A

Grassland

221
Q

Sufi Definition

A

a follower of Sufism, a mystic form of Islam that focuses on knowledge through direct personal experience of God

222
Q

Burgh Definition

A

A commercial district or chartered town

223
Q

Mosaic Definition

A

a decorative image created from small colored stones, ceramics, or glass

224
Q

“Funduqs” Definition

A

urban commercial centers for specialized trade

225
Q

Shariah Definition

A

Islamic code of law that guides behaviors

226
Q

Hajj Definition

A

making a pilgrimage to Mecca

227
Q

Salat Definition

A

praying daily

228
Q

Sawm Definition

A

fasting

229
Q

Sect Definition

A

a group with slightly different beliefs than the larger faith body

230
Q

Shahada Definition

A

confessing the faith (Islam)

231
Q

Sharia Definition

A

Islamic law

232
Q

Umma Definition

A

collective Muslim community

233
Q

Zakat Definition

A

almsgiving

234
Q

Byzantine Empire Definition

A

a term used by historians to refer to the Roman Empire in the east that persisted until the 1400s; based around the city of Constantinople (formerly Byzantium)

235
Q

Catholic Church Definition

A

the branch of the Christian Church based in Rome (now Vatican City)

236
Q

Eastern Orthodox Church Definition

A

the branch of the Christian Church based in Constantinople (now Istanbul)

237
Q

Feudal Kingdom Definition

A

a kingdom based on a social system in which people would work or fight for nobles/landowners in return for protection and use of the land

238
Q

Holy Roman Empire Definition

A

a collection of medieval principalities, mostly in present-day Germany and Italy, loosely organized in an attempt to succeed the Western Roman Empire

239
Q

The Middle Ages Definition

A

a period in European history roughly lasting from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance or the voyages of Christopher Columbus, depending on interpretation; characterized by a lack of strong secular governments able to promote stability or economic growth

240
Q

The Ottoman Empire Definition

A

a powerful Muslim state established by Turkic peoples who settled in modern-day Turkey and other regions of West Asia; conquered the remains of the Byzantine Empire in the 1400s

241
Q

Reconquista Definition

A

a series of conflicts leading to the conquest of Muslim kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian states

242
Q

The Roman Empire Definition

A

large centralized government controlled by an emperor in Rome that extended from the Mediterranean Sea in Europe to Northern Africa and Western Asia from 27 BCE to 476 CE and covered 1.7 square miles of land

243
Q

Vacuum of Power Definition

A

a void of governmental power after the collapse of an empire, or similar

244
Q

Moses Definition

A

a prophet in the Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Islam, and Christianity

245
Q

Astronomy Definition

A

the study of the stars, planets, and other things in the universe beyond Earth

246
Q

Bookbinding Definition

A

the process of making a book out of loose sheets of paper

247
Q

Convent Definition

A

a building or complex of buildings that serves as a home, religious center, and workplace for nuns

248
Q

Knowledge Institution Definition

A

an organization that collects knowledge, then passes it on to others

249
Q

Movable Type Definition

A

a system of printing that uses movable keys to reproduce writing on a piece of paper

250
Q

Navigation Definition

A

the study of steering a boat or other form of travel typically using a compass and maps

251
Q

Printing Press Definition

A

a machine that prints words and pictures onto paper

252
Q

Religious Institution Definition

A

an organization that exists to further and protect a religion

253
Q

Renaissance Definition

A

an era in European history when people began to show a greater interest in the arts and sciences

254
Q

Writing System Definition

A

visual symbols, such as letters, put in order to represent verbal communication

Honors World History A (15 decks)

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