Unit 5 Diagnosis of infectious Diseases Flashcards
what are 3 reasons that prompt and accurate identificaiton of infectious agents by the lab is needed
provide patient with appropriate and effective therapy in a timely fashion
avoid delay in providing therapy and to avoid providing ineffective/harmful therapy
to help reduce risk of further spread of the infection (and hence reduce morbidity and mortality)
what are the three phases for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases
pre-analytic phase
analytic phase
post-analytic phase
what happens in the pre-analytic phase of laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases
order placed
order transfered to lab
identifying information entered
specimen obtained
what occurs in the analytic phase of laboratory diagnosis of infectious disease
specimen analyzed
what happens in the post-analytic phase of laboratory diagnosis of infectious disease
report generated
result conveyed to clinician
data interpreted
clinical response to result
which phase are the most mistakes made
pre-analytical phase
what aer the five major steps of how patient specimens are processed for conventional testing
inoculation incubation isolation inspection identification
who out of the health care team is the first to be aware of S&S of infection in a patient
nurse
what happens in step 1 of proper specimen collection and handling
provider places laboratory order in the EHR
order is electronically transmitted to the LIS
what happens in step 2 of proper specimen collection and handling
nurses open the worklist in the EHR to view pending collections
what happens in step 3 of proper specimen collection and handling
when nurse is ready to collect the specimens he/she clicks the “print label” task in the EHR. The rpinted label contains patient identifiers and collecion information
nurse brings collection materials into the patients room
what happens in stage 4 of proper specimen collection
nurse scans patients wristand against he specimen labels to ensure a match. The EHR records successful positive patient identification or alerst the provider of a mistmatch
specimens are collected and sent to the laboratory
what is collected from the patient in serology
paired sera
what do analysts look for in serology
a significant rise of at least 4 fold increase in antibody titre
true or false it is important to collect a specimen before the patient receives antimicrobials
true
why is it important to collect the specimen before a patient receives antimicrobials
otherwise the causative agent could be killed by the drugs to prevent its isolation and identification by the lab
when is the most opportune time to collect sputum
when a paitent first wakes up and coughs
true or false different time limits may be applied to specimens
true
what are the three categories used in clinical microbiology for identification
phenotypic methods
genotypic methods
immunological methods
what is culture and sensitivity tests used to determine
whether the test organism is sensitive to antibiotics
regarding phenotypic methods what two methods of examination are used
microscopic examination
macroscopic examination
what is microscopic examination
gram stain
acid-fast stain
electron microscopy
what is macroscopic examination
characterisitics of bacterial colonies on an agar plate such as their growth patterns, texture, colours and shape
what happens in the phenotypic method of isolation
must isolate the disease causing agent before testing is done on them
