Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology Final > Unit 4 Part 8: Introduction to fungi of medical importance > Flashcards

Unit 4 Part 8: Introduction to fungi of medical importance Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is fungi usually considered more or less dangerous then bacteria and viruses

A

less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

does fungi usually cause disease in healthy people

A

rarely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is fungi commonly used in (3)

A

medicine
food and beverage production
biotechnology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what 2 conditions promote fungal growth

A

darkness and moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are fungi eukaryotes or prokaryotes

A

eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are single celled fungi called?

what are multi-cell fungi called

A

single celled: yeasts

multi-cell: molds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what term is given to pathogenic fungi that alter between both single and multi-cell forms

A

dimorphic fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dimoprhic fungi are considered

A

true pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what dimorphic fungi causes histopalsmosis in humans

A

histoplasma capsulatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what organ does histoplama usually invovle

A

lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where does histoplasma usually grow

A

as mold in the soil and yeast in animal and human hosts (temperatue dependent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 features of opportunistic fungi

A

low virulence

typically pathogenic to immunocompromised hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

do dimorphic or opportunistic fungi usually have geographic distribution

A

dimorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the study of medical mycology

A

study of fungi that cuase human disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is another term of fungal diseases

A

mycoases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the classification of mycoses based on

A

level of tissue involvemnet

mechanism by which the fungi enter the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the two sources of fungus

A

endogenous and exogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the classification of endogenous pathogens

A

opportunistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the source of endogenous opportunistic fungal infections

A

latogenic (means medical treatment)

(e.g. indwelling lines, catheters, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

exogenous fungal infections that can be classified as superficial, cutaneous or subcutaneous are usually caused by

A

trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

exogenous fungal infections that are classified as systemic or opportunistic are often caused by

A

inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

superficial mycoses usually infects what area of the body

A

outermost layer of the skin and hair, they do not invade living tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what type of mycoses is tinea capitis

A

superficial mycoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is tinea capitis

A

syperficial mycoses

infection of the hair follicles on the scalp and eyebrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the S&S of superficial mycoses

A

itching
redness
crusted lesions
scaly scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the MR of superficial mycoses

A

humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the modes of transmission for superficial mycoses

A

sharing/contact with contaminated articles or self-infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what’s another term for cutaneous mycoses

A

dermatophytoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where do fungi colonize in cutaneous mycoses

A

skin, hair and nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

do cutaneous mycoses have greater invasive properties than those causeing superfical mycoses

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the S&S of cutaneous mycoses

A

itchy

red roudn or oval lesions/rash, which may peel off the edges around the center fading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are 3 examples of cutaneous mycoses

A

ringworm
atlehtes foot
jock itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the MR for cutaneous mycoses

A

humans
soil
animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the MT for cutaneous mycoses

A

PTP via

contact such as the shower floor or sharing contaminated hat or towel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

other than humans what else can transfer cutaneous mycoses to humans

A

animal

soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

for subcutaneous mycoses how do fungi surive in the subcutaneous layers

A

produce proteolytic enzymes and maintaing a facultative microaerophilic environment

37
Q

what is an example of a subcutaneous mycoses

A

sporotrichosis

38
Q

where do subcutaneous mycoses often infect

A

arms and hands

39
Q

what are the S&S of subcutaneous mycoses

A

numerous nodules
abscesses
ulcerative lesions tha develop along the lympahtics
(original site drains into lymph nodes)

40
Q

what is the MR for subcutaneous mycoses

A

soil and decaying vegetation

41
Q

what is the MT for subcutaneous mycsoses

A

indirect transmission e.g. by punctures

42
Q

fungi are said to be ________ in that they can obtain nutrietns from decomposing dead organic matter

A

saprophytes

43
Q

systemic mycoses are caused by

A

disseminated fungal infections of deep tissues and/or organs

44
Q

what are the most servious and potentially life-threatening type of mycoses for elderly and immunocompromised

A

systemic mycoses

45
Q

where do systemic mycoses usually begin

A

infections of the respiratory tract

46
Q

what is the MR for systemic mycoses

A

soil

birds and bats droppings increase nitrogen levels in soil that promote growth of theses fungi

47
Q

what is the MT of systemic mycsoes

A

airborne inhalation of fungal spores

48
Q

what is the causative agent of the systemic mycoses blastomycosis

A

blastomyces dermatitidis

49
Q

what are the S & S of blastomycosis

A

flu-like symptoms that vary in degree dependent on how far it spreads

50
Q

where does blastomycosis originate

A

in the lungs then spread to parts of the body usch as skin, bones, joints and the CNS

51
Q

what is the IP for blastomycosis

A

30-45 days

52
Q

what are they signs and symptoms of the systemic opportunistic mycoses pneumocystis pneumonia

A 
fever
mild/dry cough
SOB
fatigue
weight loss
Chest Pain
53
Q

what is one of the most frequent and severe opportunistic systemic mycoses infections in the immunocompromised

A

pneumocystis pneumonia

54
Q

what opportunistic mycoses is found in 70-80% of HIV+ patients

A

pneumocystis pneumonia

55
Q

what is the MR and MT of pneumocysiti pneumonia

A

unknown believed to be spread by PTP via direct contact

56
Q

what is the IP in pneumocystis pneumonia

A

3-12 weeks

57
Q

what is the opportunisitc mycoses: candidiasis (thrush)

A

infections of the mucous membranes of oral caivity and genital tract - creamy white lesions

58
Q

what is the causaitve agent of candidiasis

A

candida albicans

59
Q

what is the major resevoir for thrush

A

humans, candida is part of our normal biota

60
Q

what is the treatment for thrush

A

anti-fungal drugs such as nystatin mouthwash (oral thursh)

miconazole cream/suppository for Vaginal thrush

61
Q

what does candida mean

A

white - white colonies and white lesions

62
Q

what are risk factors for thrush

A

high estrogen levels
low progesterone levels
less competeion from mutualistic microbiota e.g broad spectrum antibiotics and chemo
diabetes

63
Q

what is the symptoms of VVC (vaginal thrush)

A 
extreme itch
dysuria
thick discharge
vaginal discomfort
soreness
burning 
swelling
64
Q

what is the discharge for vaginal thrush

A

cottage cheese

65
Q

what are the symptoms of BV

A 
odor
itch
discharge 
soreness
bruning
66
Q

what is the discharge for BV

A

thin,milky, fishy smelling

67
Q

what are the symptoms for trichomoinaiasis (STI)

A 
odor
itch
discharge
soreness 
could be asymptomatic
68
Q

what is the discharge for trichominasis

A

frothy gray
or yellow/green
foul odor

69
Q

trichomoniasis clinical features

A

strawberry cervix
small red or purple spots from bleeding under the skin
swelling

70
Q

out of VVC, BV and trichomoniasis which one results in a positive KOH “whiff” test

A

trichomoniasis

71
Q

the opporunistic mycoses crytococcosis infects what

A

infection of lungs, meninges and/or skin

72
Q

what is the causative agent of the opportunist mycoses cryptococcosis

A 
cryptococcus neoformans (CN) &
cryptococcus gatti (CG)
73
Q

what is the MR for cryptococcosis

A

environment, particularly trees, decaying woods, soils and bird droppings

74
Q

what is the MT for cryptococcosis

A

airborne/aerosols - inhalation of fungalspores

75
Q

what are the S & S of cryptococcosis

A 
prolonged cough
SOB
headace
vomiting
fever 
weight loss
76
Q

cryptococcosis can lead to what

A

pneumonia or meningtisi

77
Q

what are nosocomial mycoses

A

outbreaks of mycoses in health care settings: airborne and construction related: airborne and construction-related

78
Q

what is the most common nosocomial mycoses

A

aspergilus aka “black mold”

79
Q

what is mycotoxicoses

A

fungal disease caused by ingestion of fungal toxins (mycotoxins)

80
Q

aflatoxins caused by aspergilus (black mold) can cause what

A

liver damage and cancer

81
Q

what is sick building syndrome

A

a condition affecting office workers, typically marked by headaches and respiratory problems attributed to unhealthy or stressful factors in the working environment such as poor ventilation

82
Q

what have been raised as possible causes of SBS

A

fungi and mycotoxins

83
Q

what type of symptoms cause sick builiding syndrome

A

allergy-like syndrome

84
Q

what are the toxic effects of aflatoxins

A

hepatotoxicity
bile duct hyperplasia
intestinal and renal hemorrhage
liver tumors

85
Q

what are the two main mycotoxicoses causing agents

A

aflatoxins

trichothecenes

86
Q

what are the toxic effects of trichotheceencenes

A 
vomiting
diarrhea
bleeding
dyspnea
itching
rash
blisters
leukopenia
87
Q

what are type 1 HS

A

type 1 hypersensitivity

symptoms similar to hay fever and food allergy

88
Q

what is type 3 HS

A

woodworkers lung due to repeated exposure to allergins in wood pulp and dust

89
Q

what are the risk factors for allergy/hypersensitivity to fungi

A

genetic predisposition
excess humidity
tightly sealed and insulated homes
building leaks
lack of maintenance on air conditioners etc
occupation hazard e.g. those who work in the mill

Microbiology Final (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions