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Microbiology Final > Unit 4 - Part 9 Introduction to Protozoa of medical importance > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Part 9 Introduction to Protozoa of medical importance Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two main stages in the life cycle of cyst- or occyst- forming protozoa

A

trophozites

cysts or oocysts

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2
Q

what is the trophozites stage

A

actie feeding stage

reproduce by binary fission

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3
Q

does a protozoan produce both cysts and oocysts

A

usually produces one of the other but not both of these stages

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4
Q

what are cysts

A

metabolically inactive

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5
Q

what are oocysts

A

products of sexual reproduction

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6
Q

can cysts and oocysts remain infective or infectious outside the host

A

yes

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7
Q

are cysts and oocysts involved in reproduction

A

they can be

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8
Q

oocysts and cysts are able to survive in the enviornment for a long period of time

A

yes

resistant to water, disinfectants

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9
Q

what is the life cycle for trophozoites, cysts and oocysts

A

trophozite (active, feeding stage)
drying and lack of nutrients leads to early cyst wall formation
mature cyst (dormant, resting stage)
mositure and nutrients are resotred
cyst wall breaks open and trophozite is reactivated

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10
Q

what two reproductive strategies are observed among protozoa

A

simple and complex

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11
Q

do protozoa produce sexually or asexually

A

some reproduce only asexually while other reproduce both sexually and asexually in a more complicated life cycle

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12
Q

what are the 2 modes of asexual reproduction

A

binary fission

multiple fission

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13
Q

what is binary fission

A

parent cell gives rise to two daughter cells

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14
Q

what is multiple fission

A

a parent cell gives rise to multiple daughter cells

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15
Q

what are three other terms for parent cells

A

schizont
meront
segmenter

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16
Q

what is another term for multiple fission

A

schizogony (remember schizophrenia)

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17
Q

what occurs in sexual reproduction

A

fusion of gametes or gametocytes to produce zygotes

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18
Q

What is the causative agent for the protozoan disease maraia

A

plasmodium spp

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19
Q

what is one of the leading causes of infection-related deaths world wide

A

malaria

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20
Q

what is the MR for malaria

A

humans

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21
Q

what is the MT for malaria

A

female mosquits (anopheles) bites

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22
Q

what is the incubation period for malaria

A

1-2 weeks

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23
Q

what are the S & S or malaria

A 
fever
chills
sweats
cough
diarrhea
respiratory distress
headache
shock 
renal and liver failure
pulmonary and cerebral edema 
coma and death
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24
Q

are anopheles mosquitos indigenous in canada

A

no, can still contract it travelling

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25
Q

how many cases of malaria are there in canada per year

A

~500

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26
Q

what is the protozoan disease giardiasis also known as

A

bever fever

27
Q

what is the etiological agent for giardiasis

A

giardia lamblia

28
Q

what is the MR for giardiasis

A

humans and possibly other animals

29
Q

what is the MT for giardiasis

A

ingestion of cysts

30
Q

how does one ingest the cysts to contract giardiasis

A

water contaminated with fecal material containing cysts
contaminated fingers or objects (hand-to-mouth transfer)
anal-oral sexual contact

31
Q

What is the IP for giardiasis

A

3-25 days

32
Q

what are the S & S of giardiasis

A 
chronic diarrhea
abdominal cramps
bloating
frequent loose and pale greasy stools
fatigue 
weight loss
33
Q

what is the treatment for giardiasis

A

usually self-limited

rehydration therapy and antibiotics such as metrondiazaole

34
Q

trophozites in giardiasis have what characterisitc

A

smiley face

35
Q

what is the AC for the protozaon disease crytposporidiosis

A

cryptospridium parvum

36
Q

what is the MR for the protozoan disease cryptosporidiosis

A

humans, cattle and other domestic animals

37
Q

what is the MT for the protozoan disease crytosporidiosis

A

self/auto infection
commonly caused by thin-walled oocysts
ingestion of oocysts via contact or from environment
water and food contaminated with oocysts containing feces
anal-oral sexual contact

38
Q

what usually happens with thick walled oocysts in the protozoan disease cryptosporidiosis

A

typically excreted with feces in to the environment -enhanced survival immediately infections

39
Q

what is the IP for the protozoan disease cryptosporidiosis

A

1-12 days

40
Q

what are the S&S of the protozoan disease cryptosporidiosis

A 
profuse & watery diarrhea with abdominal cramps
malaise
fever
anorexia
vomiting
41
Q

what % of AIDs patients will suffer crytosporidiosis at some time during their illness

A

10-20%

42
Q

what is the treatment for for the protozoan disease cryptosporidiosis

A

rehydration therapy and antibitocis such as azithromycin

43
Q

the protozoan diseaes cryptosporidiosis creates what two types of oocysts

A

thick and thin walled

44
Q

cats and feline animals are resevoirs for what protozoan diseaes

A

toxoplasmosis

45
Q

What is the MR for the protozoan disease toxoplasmosis

A

cats and other feline animals

other animals such as cattle and rodents

46
Q

what are the definitive hosts for the protozoan disease toxoplasmosis?
what are the intermediate hosts

A

definitive: cats and other feline animals (where sexual reproduction of the protozoa takes place and oocysts are produced)
intermediate: rodents, cattle

47
Q

what is the MT for the protozoan disease toxoplasmosis

A

ingestion of oocysts from the fecal droppings of cat
ingestion of contaminated water, undercooked raw meat
transplacental infection

48
Q

congenital toxoplasmosis is one of a group of pathogens called ______ that can cause miscarriage and or serious physical and developmental damage to the fetus/newborn

A

TORCH

49
Q

What is the IP for the protozoan disease toxoplasmosis

A

5-23 days

50
Q

what are the S & S for the protozoan diesase toxoplasmosis

A 
fever
lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis
cerebritis
pneumonia
mycoarditis
death in the immunocompromiesd
51
Q

what is the treatment for toxoplasmosis

A

antibiotics such as pyrimethamine or spiramycin (for pregnant woman) if needed

52
Q

what happens to the fetus in congential toxoplasmosis

A

infected fetus may suffer from birth defects and death due to damage to the brain, liver and spleen

53
Q

what protozoan disease is only transmitted by sexual activity

A

trichomoniasis

54
Q

what is the CA for the protozoan disease trichomoniasis

A

trichomonas vaginalis

55
Q

does trichomoniasis produce cysts or oocysts

A

no

56
Q

what is the MR for trichomoniasis

A

humans

57
Q

what is the MT for trichomoniasis

A

sexual intercourse

58
Q

what is the IP for trichomniasis

A

4-20 days

59
Q

is trichomoniasis sometimes asymptomatic

A

yes

60
Q

what disease does trichomoniasis coexist with in up to 40% of cases

A

gonorrhea

61
Q

are symptoms of trichomoniasis more severe in men or women

A

women

62
Q

what are the symptoms of trichomoniasis in men

A

infection of the prostate and urethra

63
Q

what are the symptoms of trichomoniasis in women

A

vaginitis charachterised by small, pinpoint, non raised, round, red strawberry like rash
profuse thin, foamy greenish-yellow discharge with roul odor
cervical inflammation as well as itching and buring sensation in the infected

64
Q

what is the treatment for trichomoniasis

A

metronidazole

Microbiology Final (6 decks)

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