Unit 5: Development, Language, Intelligence Flashcards
What did Piaget research?
Piaget found that child’s brain is different from adults when it came to logical reasoning.
Scaffolding
Support from teachers, mentors, etc, that helps children acquire skill and knowledge better
Cognition
The mental processes for thinking, communicating, understanding, and remembering
Thinking
Using our mind to anylize the world around us
What was George Millers idea?
That our brain functions like a computer
What were the problems with George Miller’s idea?
-We process multiple things at once
-We process much more
-We have feelings and experiences
Selective Attention
When we focus on specific information and ignore everything else around us.
Cognitive processes for understanding
Attention, Thought, Perception, Memory, and Language
Algorithms
Step by step decision making process. Long and tedious.
Heuristics
Informed guesses that lead to quick, efficient decision making.
Intuition
Unconscionably knowing right choice suddenly.
Conformation Bias
Drawn to familiar ideas, and ignoring new, important ideas.
Fixation
Fixed on a certain perspective
Mental Set
Using previously successful patterns and ignoring possible better, new ones.
Overconfidence
Overestimating the accuracy of our own info.
Belief perseverance
Attached to beliefs and won’t let them go.
Group think
When a decision is made on social pressure, not evaluation.
How do you make good decisions?
By weighing pros and cons, be willing to learn, explore the possibilities, and thinking independently.
Behaviorist’s Theory (Language)
Use language when positively reinforced after trying to speak.
Nativist’s Theory (Landguage)
Believes language acquisition device is present at birth.
Learning Theory (Language)
Language is learned through interaction with environment/ human interaction
Synaptic Pruning
Brain severing unused neural connections
Broca’s Area
Left frontal lobe essential for speaking.
Wernicke’s Area
Left temporal lobe essential for hearing and understanding.
Uses of language
Express ourselves, play, release feelings/emotions, think, learn, and be creative.
Phonemes
Individual sounds that make a word (d, o, g)
Morphemes
Smallest part of speech that has meaning.
Grammar
Set of rules that allow to communicate in same language.
Linguistic Determinism
Idea that language defined the way we think.
Linguistic Relativism
Idea that language influences our thinking.
Intelligence
Ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new experiences
Gardner’s 8 types of intelligence’s
Linguistic, Logical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalistic
Define each of Gardner’s Intelligence’s
Linguistic: Words smart
Logical: Math smart, analyzing
Spatial: Visual smart, create beautiful things
Bodily-Kinesthetic: Body smart, move body to achieve physical feats.
Musical: Muisc smart, use sound and tones to make music.
Interpersonal: People smart, understands others
Intrapersonal: Self smart, understand inner self
Naturalistic: nature smart, understand/connect with nature
Savant
person unusually skill in a certain area
Eugenics
finding certain traits and reproducing to create “improved” person
Intelligent Testing Types
Achievement, Aptitude, Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
