Unit 1: The Question of Psychology

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Distinct set of traits and characteristics that influence thought, emotion, and behavior.

Question 2

Theories

Answer 2

Explain the world around us based on scientific study. Best guesses for why things happen.

Question 3

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 3

Asserts that personality results from unconscious mind and childhood experiences.

Question 4

Humanistic Theory

Answer 4

Focuses on growth potential. Asserts humans are good and desire personal growth. Unconditional positive regard (Seeing the best in others)

Question 5

Congruence

Answer 5

When the way a person sees themselves is identical to how they would ideally like to be seen. Tied to Humanistic Theory.

Question 6

Trait Theory

Answer 6

Explains personality as a number of traits distributed differently among individuals resulting in unique personalities.

Question 7

Personality Traits

Answer 7

Behaviors and habits that are consistent across our behavior.

Question 8

Social-Cognitive Theory

Answer 8

Claims personality was a function of our traits and environmental influences.

Learning/behavior occurs as we observe and imitate the world around us.

Question 9

Self-Concept

Answer 9

Your personal view of self that relates to your beliefs, values, and abilities.

Question 10

Self-Esteem

Answer 10

How we value our worth as a person

Question 11

Self-Expression

Answer 11

How you talk about and share your feelings, emotions, and sense of self.

Question 12

Growth Mindset and Fixed Mindset

Answer 12

Growth Mindset: When you view failure as an opportunity to grow

Fixed Mindset: When failure is viewed as a statement of self, stunts growth.

Question 13

Instinct Theory

Answer 13

Contends that instincts develop as a result of evolution. Instincts are behaviors you engage in without any conscious thought.

Question 14

Arousal theory

Answer 14

When basic needs are met, behavior is driven by the need to seek things that excite us. Biology dictates our motivation through meeting basic needs and satisfying curiosity.

Question 15

Cognitive Motivation

Answer 15

Motivation based on your belief system, how you process thoughts, and how you view the world.

Question 16

Achievement Motivation

Answer 16

Need to reach high standards and maximize your potential.

Question 17

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 17

Drive to accomplish specific goals to receive rewards or avoid punishment

Question 18

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 18

Desire to engage in specific behavior solely for the sake of the behavior and is motivated by internal rewards, like feeling good.

Question 19

Attribution Theory

Answer 19

By using our feelings, beliefs, and intentions, we explain and seek to understand the behaviors of those around us.

Question 20

Bias

Answer 20

Preference of inclination for or against someone of something
(Confirmation, Hindsight, Implicit/Unconscious, Anchoring, Attribution, Negativity, Actor-observer, Self-serving Biases. )

Question 21

Conformity

Answer 21

When beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions are altered to more closely align with the group with which one is a part.

Question 22

Altruism:

Answer 22

Choices are made which put the welfare of others before ourselves.
Reason/Cause:
-Social Exchange Theory
-Reciprocity
-Social Responsibility
-Genetics
-Kin Selection
-Internal rewards
-Incentive giving

Question 23

Attraction

Answer 23

Proximity, Physical Attractiveness, Similarity, Reciprocal Liking