Unit 2: Searching for Answers Flashcards
Sociology
Focuses on understanding the development of society and how individuals function within society.
Political Science
Focuses on the law and governance of societies
Linguistics
Focuses on the development and usage of language
Anthropology
Focuses on development of societies and cultures
Economics
Focuses on the allocation of resources
Dualism
Idea that the body and mind are two separate entities.
Principle
Scientific law that can be repeatedly proved. Psychology is founded on theories, not principles.
Behaviorism
The idea that behavior is shared through h our interaction with our environment and learning experiences.
Humanistic perspective
Viewpoint that focuses on the whole person and human potential in understanding behavior and providing treatment.
Gestalt Psychology
Contends our mind does not focus on each detail but instead takes in an object as a whole.
Cognitive Psychology
Approach that focuses on mental processes to understand behavior.
Zone of proximal development
An area in which learners are unable to progress on their own but could master skills with assistance.
Functionalism
Idea that mental states/behavior are not result of internal structure but rather a result of the role/function the mental state or behavior plays within the larger system.
Scaffolding
Educational method in which learners are supported and encouraged in the learning process by a more skilled mentor.
Structuralism
Breaks down the mental components of the mind into the smallest pieces possible.
Psychology Careers
-Clinical: Assessment/Treatment of mental illness.
-Community: Analyze communities affect on person (Public Service)
-Counseling: Improve a person through psychological concepts
-Developmental: Study development patterns and help people overcome challenges
-Educational: Study how people learn. (Consultants)
-Environmental:Focus on how a natural/urban environment affects people.
-Experimental: Use experimentation to prove psychological principles.
-Forensic: Psychological concepts in legal/judicial system.
-Health:Optimize health through psychological comparison
-Human Factor/Engineering: Uses psychology in daily products
-Industrial-Organizational:
Applies psychology to work setting
-Neuropsychology: Study brain in relation to thinking, emotion, and behavior
-Rehabilitation: Helps people with chronic health issue/disabilities
-School:Optimize student experience/success in school
-Sport:Overcome psychological barriers for peak performance
Reliability
Means of psychological experiment can be repeated over time arriving a the same or similar results
Confounding Variables
Third component that isn’t intended to be measured but influences the outcomes in scientific research.
Validity
Refers to how effectively researchers can measure the intended variable.
Variable
Specific component scientists are trying to understand or measure
Ethical Research
For the betterment of humanity and not harmful, or minimally harmful to participants. Any benefit must far outweigh potential harm.
Case Study
Looking at one or few cases in great depth. Includes observations, interviews, and possible experimentation.
Naturalistic Observation
This method used to record observations while participants are in natural environment.
Survey
Uses lot of participants answers to examine data and find results.
Experimental Method
Two different groups that you apply different variable to.
Standard Deviation
Tells us how the numbers are dispersed
Correlation
When two variable appear to have a relationship to one another
Rene Descartes
Pioneered the theory of dualism
Principle
scientific law that can be repeatedly proven
Paul Ekman
Identified the seven different emotions we eperience
Stanley G. Hall
earned first PhD in psychology in US in 1878
William Wundt
Opened first psychology laboratory in 1879
