Unit 5 Conception and Fetal Growth and Development Flashcards
FHS stimulates what?
1) Testis to produce sperm
2) Ovaries to produce estrogen, promoting follicle maturation
LH stimulates which:
1) Testis to produce testosterone
2) Ovaries to Ovulate
GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete the 2 principal gonadotropins, which are?
1) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
2) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
What is the male reporductive function?
- Produce sperm
- Transfer sperm into the female reproductive tract.
Describe spermatogenesis.
- Begins at puberty
- Occurs in the seminiferous tubules
Maturation of sperm occurs in ?
The epididymis
Describe the Vas Deferens
- Sheathed in the spermatic cord
- Carries the sperm outward to the urethra
What does testosterone influence and promote?
1) Sperm production
2) Development of secondary sex characteristics.
What secretes an alkaline fluid that protects sperm in the acidic vaginal environment?
Prostate
What is the female reproductive function?
- Produces eggs
- Allows for sexual intimacy
- Provides for conception, pregnancy, and childbirth
Oogenesis begins before?
birth
Where does oogenesis occur?
In the ovaries
When does the 2nd Meiotic division occur?
Just before ovulation
What is Menarche?
The first occurrence of menstruation
What does FSH stimulate?
The ovaries to produce estrogen
What does LH stimulate?
Ovaries to ovulate, than produce progesterone.
What moves the ovum down the fallopian tube?
Cilia
What is the uterine muscle called?
Myometrium
What is the endometrium?
Vascular inner lining of the uterus
Which phase is at the beginning of each menstrual, where an ovarian follicle develops
Follicular phase
What does the follicle produce within the ovary?
Estrogen, causing the ova to mature.
When the pituitary detects the high levels of estrogen, it releases a ?
Surge of LH
What phases are included in the Ovarian Cycle?
1) Follicular phase
2) Luteal Phase
The sudden surge of LH causes the follicle to burst, releasing the?
Egg (ovulation)
When does the luteal phase occure?
After ovulation, LH levels cause the follicle to transform into the corpus luteum.
The corpus luteum secretes?
Progesterone
What are the phases in the Uterine cycle?
1) Menstrual phase
2) Proliferative phase
3) Secretory phase
4) Ischemic phase
Describe the menstrual phase
Menstruation occurs due to low progesterone and estrogen levels
Describe the proliferative phase
Increasing estrogen level encourages growth of the endometrial lining by increasing uterine blood vessel development
Describe the secretory phase:
After ovulation the corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which causes the endometrium to become denser and richer.
If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum does what?
Degenerates and progesterone level decreases
Describe the Ischemic phase
Dropping hormone levels cause decreased blood flow to the endometrium so it becomes ischemic and prepares to slough off.
Ovum and sperm join to form a single cell called–?
Conceptus or zygoter
How many pairs of chromosomes does a zygote have?
23 pairs
Sex is determined at the moment of?
Conception/Fertilization
When does the differentiation of sex occur?
At the end of the 8th week
Where does conception take place?
In the fallopian tube
How long are ova fertile for after ovulation?
48 hours
How long can sperm survive in the female reproductive tract?
up to 72 hours
What is a women’s fertile day range?
3 days prior to ovulation through 2 days after ovulation.
When does the fertilization age start?
The moment of fertilization
In the Preembryonic stage, what is the fertilization age?
0-2 weeks
What is the Fertilization age in the Embryonic stage?
3-8 weeks
What is the fertilization age of the fetal stage?
9-38 weeks
Egg and sperm unite to form a?
Zygote
In the Cleavage phase, mitotic division occurs to divide the cells from —?
2 to 32
Morula is day what?
3
In the preembryonic stage, day 5 is called—
blastocyt
Define Trophoblast, which is part of the preembryonic stage.
Outer layer that becomes the placenta and amniotic sac
How many days does it take a zygote to reach the uterus?
3-4 days
After the zygote reaches the uterus it takes an addition —— for the trophoblast to develop fingerlike projections that reach into the endometrium for implantation.
3-4 days
What are chorionic villi
The fingerlike projections branching out from the trophoblast
All organ systems and major structures begin to develop by the end of what?
The embryo stage.
Define Organogenesis
All organ systems and major structures begin to develop by the end of this stage
