Unit 5 Cell Energy Flashcards
What is thermodynamics?
The study of the flow and transformation of energy
What is a autotroph? What is a heterotroph?
An autotroph makes it’s own food & a heterotroph has to digest food
What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?
Energy can be converted, but it cannot be created nor destroyed
What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy
What is metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions in a cell
What is a metabolic pathway?
A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction becomes the reactant of the next reaction
What is a catabolic pathway? What is an ex?
A pathway where energy is released to break down molecules into smaller parts. Ex: cellular respiration
What is an anabolic pathway? What is an ex?
A pathway where energy is consumed to build bigger molecules. Ex: photosynthesis
ATP is a…
Nucleic acid
When does ATP release energy? When does it store?
When the bond between the 2nd & 3rd phosphate group is broken. When a bond is formed between the 2nd & 3rd phosphate groups
What are the requirements for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
What are the end products of photosynthesis?
Glucose & oxygen
Where do the light dependent reactions occur? Where do the light independent reactions occur?
In the thylakoids; in the stroma
What do light dependent reactions require? What do they make?
They require sunlight & water. They make ATP, NADPH, & oxygen gas
What do light independent reactions require? What do they make?
They require carbon dioxide, ATP, & NADPH. They make glucose
What are the requirements of cellular respiration? What does it produce?
Requires oxygen & glucose. Produces energy, carbon dioxide, and water
What are cellular respirations 3 phases?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle/ citric acid, & electron transport chain
Where does glycolysis occur? What is the net gain of ATP?
In the cytosol; 2
Where does the kreb cycle occur? What does it produce?
In matrix of mitochondria; 2 more ATP
Where does electron transport occur? What is required for this step? What does it produce?
In the cristae of the mitochondria; oxygen; 32 ATP
what is anaerobic respiration? What happens instead since electron transport cannot happen?
It is without oxygen; fermentation
What does alcohol fermentation give microorganisms? Where does it occur?
It gives them glucose; occurs in yeast & bacteria
When does lactic acid fermentation occur?
When too much exercising deprives muscles of oxygen
