Unit 2 Chemistry of Life Flashcards
What are atoms?
The building blocks of matter
What is matter?
Anything that takes up space and has mass
What are elements?
Pure substances made up of only one type of element
Ex. Oxygen O2, Carbon C
What is a molecule?
A pure substance of two or more atoms combined (same of different kind)
Ex. Salt NaCl, oxygen O2, water H2O
What is a compound?
A pure substance of two or more different atoms
Ex. Salt NaCl, water H2O
Every compound is a molecule, but not every molecule is a compound
Ok
What are molecules and compounds held together by?
Chemical bonds
What are the 3 chemical bonds?
Covalent (polar & non polar), ionic, and hydrogen bonds
What are covalent bonds?
When electrons are shared between atoms
What are non polar covalent bonds?
Electrons are shared evenly between atoms
What are polar covalent bonds?
Electrons are not shared evenly
What are ionic bonds?
Electrons are given from one atom to another ( Ionic, I give)
Leaves one molecule positive and another negative
What are hydrogen bonds?
A type of bond in which molecules w/ polar covalent bonds are attracted to other molecules w/ polar covalent bonds. (Like in water)
What are chemical reactions?
Process by which molecules rearrange their chemical bonds to make new substances, some chemical reactions use energy, while others release energy
What is activation energy?
The energy needed to start a chemical reaction
What is an enzyme?
A molecule that speeds up chemical reactions w/o changing the outcome. Enzymes lower the activation energy and are not used up in the reaction.
what is enzyme function determined by?
Temperature, ionic concentration, and pH
What do all biomolecules contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are the 4 types of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates/ polysaccharide, lipids, proteins, and Nucleic acids
What are carbohydrates/ polysaccharides and what is their function?
They’re sugars and starches, their function is short term energy storage.
What are carbohydrates/polysaccharides monomer?
Monosaccharides
What are lipids and what is their function?
Fats, oils, and steroids. Their function is long term energy storage.
What is lipids monomer?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is proteins function?
Provides structure, metabolism, movement, communication, defense, and transport in cells
